Econometrics Final Project
#Load the Data
load("/Users/jaydenkim/Desktop/Econometrics/acs2021_recoded.RData")
# Load necessary libraries
library(ggplot2) # For data visualization
library(tidyverse) # For data manipulation## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
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## ✔ purrr 1.0.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
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## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(haven) # For working with imported datasets
library(ggthemes) # For advanced themes in ggplot
library(standardize) # For standardizing variables##
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library(scales)##
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## det# Filter skilled and unskilled immigrant data based on education and citizenship status
# Define unskilled immigrants
unskilled_imgra <- acs2021 %>%
filter((CITIZEN == 1 | CITIZEN == 2 | CITIZEN == 3) &
(EDUCD %in% c("Regular high school diploma", "Grade 6", "Grade 7", "Grade 8",
"Grade 9", "Grade 10", "Grade 11", "Grade 12",
"GED or alternative credential")))
# Define skilled immigrants
skilled_imgra <- acs2021 %>%
filter((CITIZEN == 1 | CITIZEN == 2 | CITIZEN == 3) &
(EDUCD %in% c("Some college, but less than 1 year",
"Associate's degree, type not specified",
"Bachelor's degree", "Master's degree", "Doctoral degree")))#Means (Simple Graphs, Correlations, Differences of Means)
ggplot(data = acs2021, aes(x = CITIZEN, fill = EDUCD)) +
geom_bar() +
labs(
title = "Distribution of Education\nby Citizenship", # Line break added for better visibility
x = "Citizenship Status",
y = "Count",
fill = "Education Level"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
legend.position = "right", # Place the legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10), # Adjust legend title size
legend.text = element_text(size = 8), # Adjust legend item size
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10), # Keep x-axis labels straight
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Format y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # X-axis title styling
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Y-axis title styling
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(t = 10, b = 10)) # Center the title and add space
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma)
ggplot(data = skilled_imgra, aes(x = EDUCD, fill = EDUCD)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add black borders and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count", aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Use after_stat(count) for counts
vjust = -0.5, size = 3.5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Position and style the text
) +
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set2") + # Use a professional color palette
labs(
title = "Education Distribution of Skilled Immigrants",
x = "Education Level",
y = "Number of Individuals", # Updated y-axis label
fill = "Education Level"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.margin = margin(t = 10, r = 30, b = 10, l = 60), # Double the left margin for more rightward shift
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, size = 10, face = "bold"), # Slant and adjust x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Resize y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold y-axis title
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center and bold the title
legend.position = "right", # Keep legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Resize legend text
legend.key.size = unit(0.8, "cm"), # Adjust legend key size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Use linewidth for horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Order education levels logically
unskilled_imgra$EDUCD <- factor(
unskilled_imgra$EDUCD,
levels = c(
"Grade 6", "Grade 7", "Grade 8", "Grade 9",
"Grade 10", "Grade 11", "Grade 12", "GED or alternative credential",
"Regular high school diploma"
)
)
# Create the improved bar plot with the legend included
ggplot(data = unskilled_imgra, aes(x = EDUCD, fill = EDUCD)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add black borders and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count", aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Use updated ggplot2 syntax for count
vjust = -0.5, size = 3.5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Bold text above the bars
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c(
"#FF7F0E", "#2CA02C", "#1F77B4", "#D62728", "#9467BD", "#8C564B",
"#E377C2", "#7F7F7F", "#BCBD22"
), # Brighter, vivid custom colors
name = "Education Level" # Add legend title
) +
labs(
title = "Education Distribution of Unskilled Immigrants",
x = "Education Level",
y = "Number of Individuals"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, size = 10, face = "bold"), # Rotate, resize, and bold x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Resize y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold y-axis title
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center-align title and increase size
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right side
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Resize legend text
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5), # Subtle horizontal grid lines
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA), # Clean white background
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA) # Match panel background with plot
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Ensure labels are not clipped
combined_data <- bind_rows(
unskilled_imgra %>% mutate(Group = "Unskilled Immigrants"),
skilled_imgra %>% mutate(Group = "Skilled Immigrants")
)
ggplot(data = combined_data, aes(x = EDUCD, fill = Group)) +
geom_bar(position = "stack", color = "black", width = 0.8) + # Stacked bars with border
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = ..count..),
size = 3.5, # Adjust the size of the text
color = "black",
vjust = -0.5 # Position the text above the bars
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("Skilled Immigrants" = "#1b9e77", "Unskilled Immigrants" = "#d95f02") # Custom colors
) +
scale_y_continuous(
labels = scales::comma, # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
limits = c(0, 90000) # Set the y-axis range to 0-90,000
) +
labs(
title = "Education Level Distribution: Skilled vs Unskilled Immigrants",
x = "Education Level",
y = "Number of Individuals",
fill = "Immigrant Group"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
legend.position = "right",
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12),
plot.margin = margin(t = 50, r = 20, b = 20, l = 20) # Add more padding at the top (t = 50)
)## Warning: The dot-dot notation (`..count..`) was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(count)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
# Filter for unskilled immigrants in key industries
Industry <- unskilled_imgra %>%
filter(IND %in% c("Supermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores",
"Restaurants and other food services",
"Construction",
"Crop production",
"U.S. Army"))
# Bar plot for unskilled immigrants by industry and education
ggplot(data = Industry, mapping = aes(x = IND, fill = EDUCD)) +
geom_bar() +
labs(
title = "Unskilled Immigrants in Key Industries\nby Education Level", # Add line break for clarity
x = "Industry",
y = "Count",
fill = "Education Level"
) +
theme_minimal() + # Apply a clean white background
theme(
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
plot.title = element_text(
size = 16,
face = "bold",
hjust = 0.3, # Move the title further to the left
margin = margin(t = 10, b = 10) # Add spacing above and below the title
),
legend.title = element_text(size = 10), # Adjust legend title size
legend.text = element_text(size = 9) # Adjust legend text size
) +
scale_x_discrete(labels = function(x) str_wrap(x, width = 20)) # Wrap long x-axis labels
skilled_levels <- c("Bachelor's degree", "Master's degree", "Doctoral degree")
unskilled_levels <- c("Regular high school diploma", "Grade 12", "GED or alternative credential")
# Ensure INCWAGE is numeric
acs2021$INCWAGE <- as.numeric(acs2021$INCWAGE)
# Add a new column to classify skilled and unskilled
acs2021$ImmigrantType <- ifelse(acs2021$EDUCD %in% skilled_levels, "Skilled", "Unskilled")
# Create the violin plot
ggplot(data = acs2021, aes(x = ImmigrantType, y = INCWAGE, fill = ImmigrantType)) +
geom_violin(trim = FALSE, alpha = 0.7, color = "black") + # Add violin plot with transparency
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Income Distribution Between Skilled and Unskilled Immigrants",
x = "Immigrant Type",
y = "Income (Wages in Dollars)",
fill = "Immigrant Type"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Customize x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12), # Customize y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "none" # Remove legend if the fill is redundant
)## Warning: Removed 549819 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_ydensity()`).
# Calculate summary statistics for annotation
summary_stats <- acs2021 %>%
group_by(CITIZEN) %>%
summarise(
Q1 = quantile(AGE, 0.25, na.rm = TRUE),
Median = median(AGE, na.rm = TRUE),
Q3 = quantile(AGE, 0.75, na.rm = TRUE)
)
# Age distribution of immigrants by citizenship with numbers on the graph
ggplot(data = acs2021, aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = AGE)) +
geom_boxplot(outlier.alpha = 0.5, fill = "lightgreen") +
geom_text(
data = summary_stats,
aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = Q1, label = paste0("Q1: ", round(Q1))),
vjust = -1.5, color = "blue", size = 3.5, fontface = "bold"
) +
geom_text(
data = summary_stats,
aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = Median, label = paste0("Median: ", round(Median))),
vjust = -1.5, color = "red", size = 3.5, fontface = "bold"
) +
geom_text(
data = summary_stats,
aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = Q3, label = paste0("Q3: ", round(Q3))),
vjust = -1.5, color = "green", size = 3.5, fontface = "bold"
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
labs(
title = "Age Distribution of Immigrants by Citizenship Status",
x = "Citizenship Status",
y = "Age"
) +
theme_minimal()
# Filter for North American immigrants
North_American <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL %in% c("Canada", "Mexico"))
# Create the bar plot with improved aesthetics and numbers on the bars
ggplot(data = North_American, mapping = aes(x = BPL, fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Adjust text position and style
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("Canada" = "#1f77b4", "Mexico" = "#ff7f0e"), # Custom color palette
name = "Country of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from North America", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Center title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Format x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Format y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Adjust legend text size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Filter for South American immigrants
South_American <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL == "SOUTH AMERICA")
# Create the bar plot with improved aesthetics and numbers on the graph
ggplot(data = South_American, mapping = aes(x = BPL, fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Adjust text position and style
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("SOUTH AMERICA" = "#2ca25f"), # Custom color for South America
name = "Continent of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from South America", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Center title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Format x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Format y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Adjust legend text size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Filter for Oceania immigrants
Oceania <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL == "Australia and New Zealand")
# Create the bar plot with enhanced aesthetics
ggplot(data = Oceania, mapping = aes(x = BPL, fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 4, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Customize label size and style
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("Australia and New Zealand" = "#1f77b4"), # Custom color for Oceania
name = "Country of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from Oceania", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Centered title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Resize x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Resize y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Style x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Style y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Style legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Adjust legend text size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Filter for African immigrants
Africa <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL == "AFRICA")
# Create the bar plot with improved aesthetics and numbers
ggplot(data = Africa, mapping = aes(x = BPL, fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Adjust text position and style
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("AFRICA" = "#6baed6"), # Custom color for Africa
name = "Continent of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from Africa", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Center title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Format x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Format y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"), # Style y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Adjust legend text size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Filter for European immigrants
Europe <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL %in% c(
"England", "France", "Germany", "Belgium", "Italy", "Spain", "Portugal",
"Denmark", "Sweden", "Norway", "Finland", "Poland", "Greece",
"Switzerland", "Netherlands", "Austria", "Bulgaria", "Czechoslovakia",
"Hungary", "Romania", "Yugoslavia", "Central Europe, ns", "Estonia",
"Latvia", "Baltic States"
))
# Create the bar plot with reduced aesthetics
ggplot(data = Europe, mapping = aes(x = reorder(BPL, -table(BPL)[BPL]), fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 2.5, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Reduce text size
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = scales::hue_pal()(length(unique(Europe$BPL))), # Assign unique colors to countries
name = "Country of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from Europe", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Smaller title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 8, angle = 45, hjust = 1), # Reduce and rotate x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8), # Reduce y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Smaller x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Smaller y-axis title
legend.position = "bottom", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 8, face = "bold"), # Smaller legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 7), # Smaller legend text
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.3) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
# Filter for Asian immigrants
Asia <- acs2021 %>%
filter(BPL %in% c(
"China", "Japan", "Korea", "India", "Thailand", "Turkey", "Brunei", "Cambodia",
"Indonesia", "Laos", "Malaysia", "Philippines", "Singapore", "Vietnam",
"Afghanistan", "Iran", "Maldives", "Nepal", "Bahrain", "Cyprus", "Iraq",
"Israel/Palestine", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Oman", "Qatar",
"Yemen", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Saudi Arabia"
))
# Create the bar plot with enhanced aesthetics
ggplot(data = Asia, mapping = aes(x = reorder(BPL, -table(BPL)[BPL]), fill = BPL)) +
geom_bar(color = "black", width = 0.7) + # Add border and adjust bar width
geom_text(
stat = "count",
aes(label = after_stat(count)), # Add count labels above the bars
vjust = -0.5, size = 3, fontface = "bold", color = "black" # Customize label size and style
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = scales::hue_pal()(length(unique(Asia$BPL))), # Unique colors for each country
name = "Country of Origin" # Add legend title
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Immigrants from Asia", # Proper title capitalization
x = "Country of Origin",
y = "Number of Immigrants"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 10)), # Centered title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10, angle = 45, hjust = 1), # Rotate and resize x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Resize y-axis labels
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Style x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Style y-axis title
legend.position = "bottom", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Style legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9), # Adjust legend text size
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), # Remove vertical grid lines
panel.grid.major.y = element_line(color = "gray80", linewidth = 0.5) # Subtle horizontal grid lines
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Prevent clipping of text above the bars
#Simple Regressions
# Ensure INCWAGE is numeric
unskilled_imgra$INCWAGE <- as.numeric(unskilled_imgra$INCWAGE)
# Create a violin plot to visualize wage distribution by citizenship status
ggplot(data = unskilled_imgra, aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = INCWAGE, fill = as.factor(CITIZEN))) +
geom_violin(alpha = 0.7, trim = FALSE) + # Violin plot to show distribution
stat_summary(
fun = median, geom = "point", size = 3, color = "black", shape = 4 # Add median as a point
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Wage Distribution by Citizenship Status for Unskilled Immigrants",
x = "Citizenship Status",
y = "Wages (in dollars)",
fill = "Citizenship"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Centered and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9) # Resize legend text
)## Warning: Removed 8203 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_ydensity()`).## Warning: Removed 8203 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_summary()`).
# Fit the OLS model
ols_model <- lm(INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
# Display the OLS model output
summary(ols_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -24086 -19558 -12436 10839 661839
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13301.6 479.4 27.744 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN 602.9 147.9 4.075 4.60e-05 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -777.3 680.9 -1.142 0.253604
## EDUCDGrade 8 -414.1 483.8 -0.856 0.391986
## EDUCDGrade 9 1438.9 434.4 3.313 0.000925 ***
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2071.8 468.1 -4.426 9.62e-06 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -2556.9 459.7 -5.562 2.68e-08 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 8975.4 410.4 21.872 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5050.7 304.0 16.615 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31460 on 131289 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01013, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01007
## F-statistic: 167.9 on 8 and 131289 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Visualize the relationship between Citizenship and Wages using a Violin Plot
ggplot(data = skilled_imgra, aes(x = as.factor(CITIZEN), y = INCWAGE, fill = as.factor(CITIZEN))) +
geom_violin(alpha = 0.7, trim = FALSE) + # Violin plot to show distribution
stat_summary(
fun = median, geom = "point", size = 3, color = "black", shape = 4 # Add median as a point
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis as numbers
labs(
title = "Wage Distribution by Citizenship Status for Skilled Immigrants",
x = "Citizenship Status",
y = "Wages (in dollars)",
fill = "Citizenship"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Centered and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right" # Place legend on the right
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_ydensity()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_summary()`).
# Fit the OLS model
ols_model <- lm(INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
# Display the OLS model output
summary(ols_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -24086 -19558 -12436 10839 661839
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13301.6 479.4 27.744 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN 602.9 147.9 4.075 4.60e-05 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -777.3 680.9 -1.142 0.253604
## EDUCDGrade 8 -414.1 483.8 -0.856 0.391986
## EDUCDGrade 9 1438.9 434.4 3.313 0.000925 ***
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2071.8 468.1 -4.426 9.62e-06 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -2556.9 459.7 -5.562 2.68e-08 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 8975.4 410.4 21.872 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5050.7 304.0 16.615 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31460 on 131289 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01013, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01007
## F-statistic: 167.9 on 8 and 131289 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Linear regression for unskilled immigrants
model_1 <- lm(INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + RACE + BPL, data = unskilled_imgra)
summary(model_1)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + RACE + BPL, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -44533 -17219 -10274 10164 660172
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 22577.125 2496.543 9.043 < 2e-16 ***
## AGE -161.352 5.096 -31.664 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN -1323.308 157.569 -8.398 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -112.672 676.691 -0.167 0.867760
## EDUCDGrade 8 323.162 482.391 0.670 0.502911
## EDUCDGrade 9 793.100 433.353 1.830 0.067230 .
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2950.098 475.005 -6.211 5.29e-10 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -4275.569 470.837 -9.081 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 9129.166 415.123 21.991 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5438.096 315.947 17.212 < 2e-16 ***
## RACE -114.097 45.985 -2.481 0.013096 *
## BPLCanada 2643.226 2520.596 1.049 0.294341
## BPLAtlantic Islands 5508.098 3187.278 1.728 0.083964 .
## BPLMexico 6268.915 2421.861 2.588 0.009641 **
## BPLCentral America 4784.255 2432.311 1.967 0.049190 *
## BPLCuba 2136.927 2460.140 0.869 0.385056
## BPLWest Indies 3116.137 2439.520 1.277 0.201479
## BPLAmericas, n.s. 7125.849 4614.064 1.544 0.122500
## BPLSOUTH AMERICA 4465.110 2437.599 1.832 0.066989 .
## BPLDenmark -4573.491 4702.760 -0.973 0.330798
## BPLFinland -7958.837 5876.037 -1.354 0.175593
## BPLIceland -8949.530 7743.641 -1.156 0.247795
## BPLNorway 1196.538 4761.573 0.251 0.801590
## BPLSweden 19782.641 4214.265 4.694 2.68e-06 ***
## BPLEngland 6660.584 2603.354 2.558 0.010515 *
## BPLScotland 1385.429 3379.704 0.410 0.681861
## BPLUnited Kingdom, ns 9672.305 2746.911 3.521 0.000430 ***
## BPLIreland 5622.524 2839.798 1.980 0.047717 *
## BPLBelgium -2679.561 4448.636 -0.602 0.546953
## BPLFrance 4187.591 2902.680 1.443 0.149118
## BPLNetherlands -544.150 3176.604 -0.171 0.863989
## BPLSwitzerland -6491.576 4517.807 -1.437 0.150753
## BPLAlbania 4198.300 2986.401 1.406 0.159784
## BPLGreece 272.021 2754.841 0.099 0.921343
## BPLItaly 1409.417 2561.172 0.550 0.582113
## BPLPortugal 9534.091 2681.413 3.556 0.000377 ***
## BPLSpain -345.654 3004.264 -0.115 0.908402
## BPLAustria -6568.667 3460.560 -1.898 0.057678 .
## BPLBulgaria 8119.837 3787.422 2.144 0.032043 *
## BPLCzechoslovakia 1864.520 3418.619 0.545 0.585478
## BPLGermany -329.937 2487.872 -0.133 0.894496
## BPLHungary -2194.240 3370.383 -0.651 0.515025
## BPLPoland 4397.000 2592.187 1.696 0.089841 .
## BPLRomania 6504.676 2854.998 2.278 0.022708 *
## BPLYugoslavia 7498.097 2643.425 2.837 0.004562 **
## BPLLatvia -12413.070 5341.487 -2.324 0.020132 *
## BPLLithuania 4251.073 5075.327 0.838 0.402259
## BPLOther USSR/Russia -57.259 2509.561 -0.023 0.981797
## BPLEurope, ns -3499.421 3777.891 -0.926 0.354297
## BPLChina -2058.406 2448.090 -0.841 0.400450
## BPLJapan -52.167 2599.935 -0.020 0.983992
## BPLKorea -1886.150 2505.183 -0.753 0.451512
## BPLCambodia (Kampuchea) 5000.733 2829.434 1.767 0.077164 .
## BPLIndonesia 51.435 3213.127 0.016 0.987228
## BPLLaos 7475.848 2745.747 2.723 0.006476 **
## BPLMalaysia 712.467 3487.030 0.204 0.838104
## BPLPhilippines 3844.473 2461.995 1.562 0.118402
## BPLSingapore 2073.498 4243.436 0.489 0.625100
## BPLThailand 1045.836 2697.450 0.388 0.698229
## BPLVietnam 1621.473 2462.811 0.658 0.510293
## BPLAfghanistan 526.337 3086.206 0.171 0.864582
## BPLIndia 1439.713 2461.513 0.585 0.558623
## BPLIran 2009.001 2706.400 0.742 0.457898
## BPLNepal 2416.037 3006.785 0.804 0.421671
## BPLIraq -2000.002 2817.414 -0.710 0.477785
## BPLIsrael/Palestine 12404.381 2946.940 4.209 2.56e-05 ***
## BPLJordan -1738.500 3321.019 -0.523 0.600638
## BPLKuwait 7048.549 5245.883 1.344 0.179069
## BPLLebanon 891.657 3014.319 0.296 0.767378
## BPLSaudi Arabia -4546.219 4760.056 -0.955 0.339541
## BPLSyria -2248.539 3166.313 -0.710 0.477616
## BPLTurkey 1231.025 3075.489 0.400 0.688959
## BPLUnited Arab Emirates 402.474 5388.798 0.075 0.940464
## BPLYemen Arab Republic (North) -2298.352 3199.576 -0.718 0.472555
## BPLAsia, nec/ns -1930.389 3250.117 -0.594 0.552550
## BPLAFRICA 1182.473 2471.641 0.478 0.632355
## BPLAustralia and New Zealand 9086.833 3023.977 3.005 0.002657 **
## BPLPacific Islands 5556.899 2848.803 1.951 0.051106 .
## BPLOther n.e.c. 16262.246 5288.148 3.075 0.002104 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31200 on 131219 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.02665, Adjusted R-squared: 0.02607
## F-statistic: 46.06 on 78 and 131219 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Visualization of wages by citizenship type
ggplot(data = unskilled_imgra, aes(x = INCWAGE, y = as.factor(CITIZEN), fill = as.factor(CITIZEN))) +
geom_violin(alpha = 0.7, trim = FALSE) + # Violin plot for wage distribution
stat_summary(
fun = median, geom = "point", size = 3, color = "black", shape = 4 # Add median points
) +
scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format x-axis labels as numbers with commas
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") + # Use a clean color palette
labs(
title = "Wages of Unskilled Immigrants by Citizenship Type",
x = "Nominal Wages (USD)",
y = "Citizenship Type",
fill = "Citizenship"
) +
theme_minimal() + # Minimalist theme for clean presentation
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(t = 10, b = 10)), # Centered title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10), # Customize x-axis text size
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Customize y-axis text size
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9) # Adjust legend text size
)## Warning: Removed 8203 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_ydensity()`).## Warning: Removed 8203 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_summary()`).
# Linear regression for skilled immigrants
model_2 <- lm(INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + RACE + BPL, data = skilled_imgra)
summary(model_2)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + RACE + BPL, data = skilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -154790 -43042 -16069 22260 719207
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 65884.91 7055.42 9.338
## AGE -715.95 12.29 -58.265
## CITIZEN -7050.97 342.57 -20.583
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified 5332.10 763.45 6.984
## EDUCDBachelor's degree 24112.34 661.28 36.463
## EDUCDMaster's degree 50197.22 721.93 69.532
## EDUCDDoctoral degree 76486.63 970.16 78.839
## RACE -205.16 111.32 -1.843
## BPLCanada 24680.11 7033.90 3.509
## BPLAtlantic Islands -1326.92 8975.24 -0.148
## BPLMexico 4918.93 6968.12 0.706
## BPLCentral America 3733.03 7013.89 0.532
## BPLCuba 2096.28 7053.75 0.297
## BPLWest Indies 7238.85 6994.87 1.035
## BPLAmericas, n.s. 15764.63 12974.54 1.215
## BPLSOUTH AMERICA 7320.95 6968.30 1.051
## BPLDenmark 30749.52 8990.70 3.420
## BPLFinland 20423.58 9584.32 2.131
## BPLIceland 17657.53 12897.00 1.369
## BPLNorway 46067.36 9394.46 4.904
## BPLSweden 32854.01 8147.66 4.032
## BPLEngland 23794.52 7128.84 3.338
## BPLScotland 27812.39 7919.38 3.512
## BPLUnited Kingdom, ns 47596.20 7140.28 6.666
## BPLIreland 42739.73 7510.05 5.691
## BPLBelgium 22879.38 8346.77 2.741
## BPLFrance 28897.18 7229.07 3.997
## BPLNetherlands 23402.29 7610.72 3.075
## BPLSwitzerland 23948.55 8246.41 2.904
## BPLAlbania -1385.65 7896.20 -0.175
## BPLGreece 18901.78 7602.05 2.486
## BPLItaly 15785.23 7238.95 2.181
## BPLPortugal 22739.92 7936.79 2.865
## BPLSpain 18153.60 7464.75 2.432
## BPLAustria 9765.46 8328.37 1.173
## BPLBulgaria 11805.18 7799.68 1.514
## BPLCzechoslovakia 7297.94 8053.66 0.906
## BPLGermany 11478.98 7026.85 1.634
## BPLHungary 4871.03 8046.09 0.605
## BPLPoland 8061.45 7168.29 1.125
## BPLRomania 13928.07 7428.46 1.875
## BPLYugoslavia 14630.44 7392.52 1.979
## BPLLatvia 3243.06 10186.62 0.318
## BPLLithuania 323.66 8861.25 0.037
## BPLOther USSR/Russia 7008.31 7018.13 0.999
## BPLEurope, ns 10878.37 8556.83 1.271
## BPLChina 14758.22 6967.81 2.118
## BPLJapan 10108.85 7076.59 1.428
## BPLKorea 9957.94 7005.85 1.421
## BPLCambodia (Kampuchea) 9224.77 7846.90 1.176
## BPLIndonesia 7245.50 7549.90 0.960
## BPLLaos 17921.38 7867.43 2.278
## BPLMalaysia 22966.54 7847.11 2.927
## BPLPhilippines 9429.28 6969.71 1.353
## BPLSingapore 24184.48 8397.27 2.880
## BPLThailand 1278.47 7253.38 0.176
## BPLVietnam 11844.99 7018.35 1.688
## BPLAfghanistan 1092.81 8092.06 0.135
## BPLIndia 27479.68 6959.43 3.949
## BPLIran 13354.44 7132.76 1.872
## BPLNepal -3374.26 7466.83 -0.452
## BPLIraq -6886.39 7499.56 -0.918
## BPLIsrael/Palestine 29921.47 7517.31 3.980
## BPLJordan 5540.44 7930.39 0.699
## BPLKuwait 15676.01 9039.61 1.734
## BPLLebanon 13065.67 7544.98 1.732
## BPLSaudi Arabia -5800.89 8193.17 -0.708
## BPLSyria 474.90 8056.16 0.059
## BPLTurkey 10509.50 7462.09 1.408
## BPLUnited Arab Emirates 21604.76 9653.72 2.238
## BPLYemen Arab Republic (North) -8483.41 9693.58 -0.875
## BPLAsia, nec/ns 8506.24 7845.13 1.084
## BPLAFRICA 4935.30 6997.27 0.705
## BPLAustralia and New Zealand 43651.55 7415.11 5.887
## BPLPacific Islands 5617.87 8298.62 0.677
## BPLOther n.e.c. 18647.01 12887.03 1.447
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) < 2e-16 ***
## AGE < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified 2.87e-12 ***
## EDUCDBachelor's degree < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDMaster's degree < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDDoctoral degree < 2e-16 ***
## RACE 0.065338 .
## BPLCanada 0.000450 ***
## BPLAtlantic Islands 0.882467
## BPLMexico 0.480240
## BPLCentral America 0.594565
## BPLCuba 0.766325
## BPLWest Indies 0.300726
## BPLAmericas, n.s. 0.224351
## BPLSOUTH AMERICA 0.293440
## BPLDenmark 0.000626 ***
## BPLFinland 0.033096 *
## BPLIceland 0.170964
## BPLNorway 9.41e-07 ***
## BPLSweden 5.53e-05 ***
## BPLEngland 0.000845 ***
## BPLScotland 0.000445 ***
## BPLUnited Kingdom, ns 2.64e-11 ***
## BPLIreland 1.26e-08 ***
## BPLBelgium 0.006124 **
## BPLFrance 6.41e-05 ***
## BPLNetherlands 0.002106 **
## BPLSwitzerland 0.003683 **
## BPLAlbania 0.860700
## BPLGreece 0.012905 *
## BPLItaly 0.029215 *
## BPLPortugal 0.004169 **
## BPLSpain 0.015020 *
## BPLAustria 0.240977
## BPLBulgaria 0.130143
## BPLCzechoslovakia 0.364850
## BPLGermany 0.102347
## BPLHungary 0.544920
## BPLPoland 0.260761
## BPLRomania 0.060800 .
## BPLYugoslavia 0.047808 *
## BPLLatvia 0.750209
## BPLLithuania 0.970863
## BPLOther USSR/Russia 0.317989
## BPLEurope, ns 0.203620
## BPLChina 0.034172 *
## BPLJapan 0.153152
## BPLKorea 0.155210
## BPLCambodia (Kampuchea) 0.239759
## BPLIndonesia 0.337217
## BPLLaos 0.022732 *
## BPLMalaysia 0.003426 **
## BPLPhilippines 0.176091
## BPLSingapore 0.003977 **
## BPLThailand 0.860091
## BPLVietnam 0.091467 .
## BPLAfghanistan 0.892575
## BPLIndia 7.87e-05 ***
## BPLIran 0.061171 .
## BPLNepal 0.651342
## BPLIraq 0.358495
## BPLIsrael/Palestine 6.88e-05 ***
## BPLJordan 0.484782
## BPLKuwait 0.082894 .
## BPLLebanon 0.083328 .
## BPLSaudi Arabia 0.478937
## BPLSyria 0.952993
## BPLTurkey 0.159019
## BPLUnited Arab Emirates 0.025224 *
## BPLYemen Arab Republic (North) 0.381489
## BPLAsia, nec/ns 0.278247
## BPLAFRICA 0.480614
## BPLAustralia and New Zealand 3.94e-09 ***
## BPLPacific Islands 0.498429
## BPLOther n.e.c. 0.147910
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 79070 on 179328 degrees of freedom
## (2 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1014, Adjusted R-squared: 0.101
## F-statistic: 269.7 on 75 and 179328 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Visualization of wages by citizenship type
ggplot(data = skilled_imgra, aes(x = INCWAGE, y = as.factor(CITIZEN), fill = as.factor(CITIZEN))) +
geom_violin(alpha = 0.7, trim = FALSE) + # Violin plot for wage distribution
stat_summary(
fun = median, geom = "point", size = 3, color = "black", shape = 4 # Add median points
) +
scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format x-axis labels as numbers with commas
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") + # Use a clean color palette
labs(
title = "Wages of Skilled Immigrants by Citizenship Type",
x = "Nominal Wages (USD)",
y = "Citizenship Type",
fill = "Citizenship"
) +
theme_minimal() + # Minimalist theme for clean presentation
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(t = 10, b = 10)), # Centered title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10), # Customize x-axis text size
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Customize y-axis text size
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold y-axis title
legend.position = "right", # Place legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 9) # Adjust legend text size
)## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_ydensity()`).## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_summary()`).
# Predict income for unskilled immigrants using OLS model
ols_1 <- lm(INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + OCC + IND, data = unskilled_imgra)
pred_vals_ols1 <- predict(ols_1, unskilled_imgra)
# Add predicted income values to the dataset
unskilled_imgra$Predicted_INC <- pred_vals_ols1
# Scatter plot of actual vs predicted income
ggplot(unskilled_imgra, aes(x = INCWAGE, y = Predicted_INC)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
geom_abline(slope = 1, intercept = 0, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format x-axis values as numbers with commas
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis values as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Actual vs Predicted Income for Unskilled Immigrants",
x = "Actual Income",
y = "Predicted Income"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10), # Customize x-axis text size
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Customize y-axis text size
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold") # Bold y-axis title
)## Warning: Removed 55906 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
# Fit the OLS model
ols_model <- lm(INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
# Display the OLS model output
summary(ols_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -24086 -19558 -12436 10839 661839
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13301.6 479.4 27.744 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN 602.9 147.9 4.075 4.60e-05 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -777.3 680.9 -1.142 0.253604
## EDUCDGrade 8 -414.1 483.8 -0.856 0.391986
## EDUCDGrade 9 1438.9 434.4 3.313 0.000925 ***
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2071.8 468.1 -4.426 9.62e-06 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -2556.9 459.7 -5.562 2.68e-08 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 8975.4 410.4 21.872 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5050.7 304.0 16.615 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31460 on 131289 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01013, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01007
## F-statistic: 167.9 on 8 and 131289 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Ensure 'CITIZEN' is a factor before fitting the model
skilled_imgra$CITIZEN <- as.factor(skilled_imgra$CITIZEN)
# Re-fit the OLS model with the corrected CITIZEN variable
ols_2 <- lm(INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + OCC + IND, data = skilled_imgra)
# Predict income for skilled immigrants
pred_vals_ols2 <- predict(ols_2, skilled_imgra)
# Add predicted income values to the dataset
skilled_imgra$Predicted_INC <- pred_vals_ols2
# Scatter plot of actual vs predicted income
ggplot(skilled_imgra, aes(x = INCWAGE, y = Predicted_INC)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
geom_abline(slope = 1, intercept = 0, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format x-axis values as numbers with commas
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + # Format y-axis values as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Actual vs Predicted Income for Skilled Immigrants",
x = "Actual Income",
y = "Predicted Income"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10), # Customize x-axis text size
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10), # Customize y-axis text size
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"), # Bold x-axis title
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold") # Bold y-axis title
)## Warning: Removed 65352 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
# Display the summary of the OLS model
summary(ols_2)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + OCC + IND, data = skilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -290023 -26779 -5416 17261 743202
##
## Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 78320.84
## AGE 14.84
## CITIZEN2 3722.68
## CITIZEN3 -3164.57
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified -551.61
## EDUCDBachelor's degree 5305.37
## EDUCDMaster's degree 15915.15
## EDUCDDoctoral degree 45099.04
## OCCComputer systems analysts -14392.99
## OCCInformation security analysts 19640.43
## OCCComputer programmers -19454.45
## OCCSoftware developers 20688.46
## OCCSoftware quality assurance analysts and testers -35703.76
## OCCWeb developers -39544.05
## OCCWeb and digital interface designers -48480.00
## OCCComputer support specialists -27084.97
## OCCDatabase administrators and architects -8251.68
## OCCNetwork and computer systems administrators -22138.34
## OCCComputer network architects -3437.35
## OCCComputer occupations, all other -17920.81
## OCCActuaries 25837.59
## OCCOperations research analysts -9390.45
## OCCOther mathematical science occupations -6341.34
## OCCArchitects, except landscape and naval -14006.36
## OCCLandscape architects -27675.44
## OCCSurveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists -30170.64
## OCCAerospace engineers -1871.59
## OCCBioengineers and biomedical engineers -18706.79
## OCCChemical engineers -8397.71
## OCCCivil engineers -7150.03
## OCCComputer hardware engineers 13949.93
## OCCElectrical and electronics engineers -398.07
## OCCEnvironmental engineers -13210.14
## OCCIndustrial engineers, including health and safety -24953.39
## OCCMarine engineers and naval architects -13862.44
## OCCMaterials engineers -24365.72
## OCCMechanical engineers -14424.02
## OCCPetroleum engineers 6758.60
## OCCEngineers, all other -1539.22
## OCCArchitectural and civil drafters -47434.04
## OCCOther drafters -43943.18
## OCCElectrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians -47773.55
## OCCOther engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters -51770.20
## OCCSurveying and mapping technicians -39435.33
## OCCAgricultural and food scientists -49388.09
## OCCBiological scientists -31871.35
## OCCConservation scientists and foresters -42966.78
## OCCMedical scientists -29278.94
## OCCAstronomers and physicists -13905.28
## OCCAtmospheric and space scientists -40883.48
## OCCChemists and materials scientists -31177.35
## OCCEnvironmental scientists and specialists, including health -29514.50
## OCCGeoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers 9318.33
## OCCPhysical scientists, all other -27446.35
## OCCEconomists 35392.62
## OCCClinical and counseling psychologists -32873.32
## OCCSchool psychologists -40834.65
## OCCOther psychologists -49829.51
## OCCUrban and regional planners -29308.73
## OCCMiscellaneous social scientists and related workers -32333.12
## OCCAgricultural and food science technicians -52921.29
## OCCBiological technicians -53058.31
## OCCChemical technicians -59996.56
## OCCEnvironmental science and geoscience technicians -60575.27
## OCCOther life, physical, and social science technicians -55937.57
## OCCOccupational health and safety specialists and technicians -36398.66
## OCCSubstance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors -48089.78
## OCCEducational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors -34908.47
## OCCMarriage and family therapists -63121.32
## OCCMental health counselors -54570.95
## OCCRehabilitation counselors -39747.61
## OCCCounselors, all other -56009.31
## OCCChild, family, and school social workers -28149.11
## OCCHealthcare social workers -43445.90
## OCCMental health and substance abuse social workers -33115.59
## OCCSocial workers, all other -43625.62
## OCCProbation officers and correctional treatment specialists -38817.16
## OCCSocial and human service assistants -52236.60
## OCCOther community and social service specialists -48225.89
## OCCClergy -49059.78
## OCCDirectors, religious activities and education -42188.14
## OCCReligious workers, all other -50201.74
## OCCLawyers 21430.72
## OCCJudicial law clerks -64850.57
## OCCParalegals and legal assistants -51558.98
## OCCTitle examiners, abstractors, and searchers -32692.13
## OCCLegal support workers, all other -30481.51
## OCCPostsecondary teachers -29830.74
## OCCPreschool and kindergarten teachers -52828.08
## OCCElementary and middle school teachers -48807.75
## OCCSecondary school teachers -41953.48
## OCCSpecial education teachers -41367.04
## OCCTutors -69333.67
## OCCOther teachers and instructors -59993.57
## OCCArchivists, curators, and museum technicians -45836.03
## OCCLibrarians and media collections specialists -45187.81
## OCCLibrary technicians -58015.25
## OCCTeaching assistants -62935.30
## OCCOther educational instruction and library workers -48654.56
## OCCArtists and related workers -47754.52
## OCCCommercial and industrial designers -40465.69
## OCCFashion designers -43655.91
## OCCFloral designers -60378.19
## OCCGraphic designers -48166.85
## OCCInterior designers -48075.04
## OCCMerchandise displayers and window trimmers -49898.12
## OCCOther designers -33502.11
## OCCActors -70341.23
## OCCProducers and directors -31923.29
## OCCAthletes and sports competitors -55567.78
## OCCCoaches and scouts -53430.97
## OCCUmpires, referees, and other sports officials -76242.34
## OCCDancers and choreographers -43760.82
## OCCMusic directors and composers -40341.34
## OCCMusicians and singers -63271.38
## OCCDisc jockeys, except radio -55344.76
## OCCEntertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other -70458.80
## OCCBroadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys -22376.41
## OCCNews analysts, reporters, and journalists -49300.67
## OCCPublic relations specialists -24760.83
## OCCEditors -58814.56
## OCCTechnical writers -38787.35
## OCCWriters and authors -57332.40
## OCCInterpreters and translators -67118.14
## OCCCourt reporters and simultaneous captioners -45118.16
## OCCMedia and communication workers, all other -26745.45
## OCCBroadcast, sound, and lighting technicians -57851.63
## OCCPhotographers -68570.22
## OCCTelevision, video, and film camera operators and editors -51695.27
## OCCChiropractors -31262.27
## OCCDentists -12917.79
## OCCDietitians and nutritionists -41164.16
## OCCOptometrists -24869.13
## OCCPharmacists -14373.15
## OCCOther physicians 53405.68
## OCCSurgeons 145034.77
## OCCPhysician assistants 15005.39
## OCCPodiatrists 91277.33
## OCCAudiologists -44848.29
## OCCOccupational therapists -40231.56
## OCCPhysical therapists -31358.98
## OCCRadiation therapists -5526.61
## OCCRecreational therapists -54142.27
## OCCRespiratory therapists -28183.53
## OCCSpeech-language pathologists -35068.95
## OCCTherapists, all other -53170.27
## OCCVeterinarians 1467.90
## OCCRegistered nurses -23443.31
## OCCNurse anesthetists 48617.80
## OCCNurse practitioners -3416.58
## OCCAcupuncturists -64249.12
## OCCHealthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other -58244.64
## OCCClinical laboratory technologists and technicians -41848.58
## OCCDental hygienists -30379.94
## OCCCardiovascular technologists and technicians 39820.58
## OCCDiagnostic medical sonographers -6990.68
## OCCRadiologic technologists and technicians -3578.54
## OCCMagnetic resonance imaging technologists 79060.04
## OCCNuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 20442.76
## OCCEmergency medical technicians -57837.83
## OCCParamedics -23780.69
## OCCPharmacy technicians -58233.78
## OCCPsychiatric technicians -58748.31
## OCCSurgical technologists -44676.25
## OCCVeterinary technologists and technicians -56972.83
## OCCDietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians -68145.23
## OCCLicensed practical and licensed vocational nurses -41638.46
## OCCMedical records specialists -54404.53
## OCCOpticians, dispensing -45240.42
## OCCMiscellaneous health technologists and technicians -41895.82
## OCCOther healthcare practitioners and technical occupations -31433.82
## OCCHome health aides -60099.41
## OCCPersonal care aides -60167.77
## OCCNursing assistants -58726.53
## OCCOrderlies and psychiatric aides -66646.38
## OCCOccupational therapy assistants and aides -55572.74
## OCCPhysical therapist assistants and aides -50678.27
## OCCMassage therapists -61200.32
## OCCDental assistants -56126.24
## OCCMedical assistants -59042.20
## OCCMedical transcriptionists -82310.72
## OCCPharmacy aides -61641.87
## OCCVeterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers -42787.58
## OCCPhlebotomists -60687.05
## OCCOther healthcare support workers -44457.84
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of correctional officers -40828.14
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of police and detectives -6919.17
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 7084.23
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of security workers -29370.98
## OCCFirefighters -28847.55
## OCCFire inspectors -10138.38
## OCCBailiffs -50826.99
## OCCCorrectional officers and jailers -41357.13
## OCCDetectives and criminal investigators -27546.70
## OCCParking enforcement workers -44109.51
## OCCPolice officers -27204.38
## OCCAnimal control workers -42882.19
## OCCPrivate detectives and investigators -34276.20
## OCCSecurity guards and gambling surveillance officers -53411.09
## OCCCrossing guards and flaggers -74521.74
## OCCTransportation security screeners -53327.28
## OCCSchool bus monitors -72645.90
## OCCOther protective service workers -63207.29
## OCCChefs and head cooks -53456.95
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers -55518.81
## OCCCooks -62761.64
## OCCFood preparation workers -67178.55
## OCCBartenders -64516.81
## OCCFast food and counter workers -69170.07
## OCCWaiters and waitresses -65102.98
## OCCFood servers, nonrestaurant -68451.34
## OCCDining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers -69684.57
## OCCDishwashers -66876.73
## OCCHosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop -72707.15
## OCCFood preparation and serving related workers, all other -69117.78
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers -53439.83
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers -40613.51
## OCCJanitors and building cleaners -59295.51
## OCCMaids and housekeeping cleaners -66521.57
## OCCPest control workers -37056.82
## OCCLandscaping and groundskeeping workers -55546.86
## OCCTree trimmers and pruners -30255.35
## OCCOther grounds maintenance workers -47707.21
## OCCSupervisors of personal care and service workers -31329.39
## OCCAnimal trainers -50984.37
## OCCAnimal caretakers -57637.73
## OCCGambling services workers -53497.21
## OCCUshers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers -73714.74
## OCCOther entertainment attendants and related workers -70239.21
## OCCEmbalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants -33869.80
## OCCMorticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers -29514.76
## OCCBarbers -58145.34
## OCCHairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists -61119.14
## OCCManicurists and pedicurists -59280.40
## OCCSkincare specialists -62099.30
## OCCOther personal appearance workers -66317.24
## OCCBaggage porters, bellhops, and concierges -66573.68
## OCCTour and travel guides -73337.56
## OCCChildcare workers -61782.07
## OCCExercise trainers and group fitness instructors -71097.49
## OCCRecreation workers -54913.67
## OCCResidential advisors -60520.31
## OCCPersonal care and service workers, all other -56712.88
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of retail sales workers -37441.52
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers -20588.08
## OCCCashiers -66794.09
## OCCCounter and rental clerks -48388.57
## OCCParts salespersons -56549.24
## OCCRetail salespersons -61368.01
## OCCAdvertising sales agents -49518.73
## OCCInsurance sales agents -51079.58
## OCCSecurities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 43918.08
## OCCTravel agents -64502.09
## OCCSales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel -11263.95
## OCCSales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing -27164.88
## OCCModels, demonstrators, and product promoters -66450.39
## OCCReal estate brokers and sales agents -54536.05
## OCCSales engineers 23033.03
## OCCTelemarketers -65946.57
## OCCDoor-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers -57931.95
## OCCSales and related workers, all other -31542.72
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers -41071.93
## OCCSwitchboard operators, including answering service -73977.25
## OCCTelephone operators -46160.94
## OCCCommunications equipment operators, all other -30976.45
## OCCBill and account collectors -56670.19
## OCCBilling and posting clerks -55887.97
## OCCBookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks -57567.64
## OCCPayroll and timekeeping clerks -48714.48
## OCCProcurement clerks -44675.70
## OCCTellers -81126.90
## OCCFinancial clerks, all other -35861.47
## OCCCourt, municipal, and license clerks -58609.87
## OCCCredit authorizers, checkers, and clerks -62226.42
## OCCCustomer service representatives -57481.28
## OCCEligibility interviewers, government programs -44373.48
## OCCFile clerks -61783.03
## OCCHotel, motel, and resort desk clerks -63938.76
## OCCInterviewers, except eligibility and loan -66542.22
## OCCLibrary assistants, clerical -59606.80
## OCCLoan interviewers and clerks -54564.03
## OCCNew accounts clerks -52328.11
## OCCOrder clerks -62549.24
## OCCHuman resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping -43611.67
## OCCReceptionists and information clerks -64857.46
## OCCReservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks -57071.67
## OCCInformation and record clerks, all other -57546.13
## OCCCargo and freight agents -36758.40
## OCCCouriers and messengers -68373.86
## OCCPublic safety telecommunicators -45514.69
## OCCDispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance -57336.94
## OCCMeter readers, utilities -58955.71
## OCCPostal service clerks -53944.65
## OCCPostal service mail carriers -46602.37
## OCCPostal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators -54550.61
## OCCProduction, planning, and expediting clerks -47206.38
## OCCShipping, receiving, and inventory clerks -63402.42
## OCCWeighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping -63231.52
## OCCExecutive secretaries and executive administrative assistants -37142.55
## OCCLegal secretaries and administrative assistants -53933.83
## OCCMedical secretaries and administrative assistants -56960.28
## OCCSecretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive -57066.55
## OCCData entry keyers -71617.88
## OCCWord processors and typists -66022.83
## OCCInsurance claims and policy processing clerks -53995.33
## OCCMail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service -66483.59
## OCCOffice clerks, general -62718.26
## OCCOffice machine operators, except computer -63954.25
## OCCProofreaders and copy markers -91644.83
## OCCStatistical assistants -32935.48
## OCCOffice and administrative support workers, all other -53157.96
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers -4124.96
## OCCAgricultural inspectors -31858.18
## OCCGraders and sorters, agricultural products -60023.98
## OCCMiscellaneous agricultural workers -54803.26
## OCCFishing and hunting workers -52593.34
## OCCForest and conservation workers -32247.06
## OCCLogging workers -23077.56
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers -33925.99
## OCCBoilermakers -60291.43
## OCCBrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons -45384.16
## OCCCarpenters -53850.25
## OCCCarpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers -39409.52
## OCCCement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers -46839.55
## OCCConstruction laborers -56705.12
## OCCConstruction equipment operators -33010.74
## OCCDrywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers -45889.89
## OCCElectricians -38120.46
## OCCGlaziers -59142.18
## OCCInsulation workers -47019.11
## OCCPainters and paperhangers -60190.71
## OCCPipelayers -17245.90
## OCCPlumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters -39604.92
## OCCPlasterers and stucco masons -60351.24
## OCCRoofers -44888.46
## OCCSheet metal workers -45389.71
## OCCStructural iron and steel workers -27938.66
## OCCSolar photovoltaic installers -52460.48
## OCCHelpers, construction trades -67152.14
## OCCConstruction and building inspectors -28153.78
## OCCElevator and escalator installers and repairers 21108.85
## OCCFence erectors -52704.97
## OCCHazardous materials removal workers -45725.73
## OCCHighway maintenance workers -49017.34
## OCCRail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators -40253.46
## OCCMiscellaneous construction and related workers -43634.04
## OCCDerrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas -76923.25
## OCCEarth drillers, except oil and gas -43206.98
## OCCExplosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 114695.07
## OCCUnderground mining machine operators -47057.06
## OCCOther extraction workers -79879.59
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers -25440.64
## OCCComputer, automated teller, and office machine repairers -52402.17
## OCCRadio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers -58361.07
## OCCAvionics technicians -39880.43
## OCCElectric motor, power tool, and related repairers -35982.28
## OCCElectrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility -35355.81
## OCCAudiovisual equipment installers and repairers -50741.98
## OCCSecurity and fire alarm systems installers -46086.30
## OCCAircraft mechanics and service technicians -38944.22
## OCCAutomotive body and related repairers -44586.33
## OCCAutomotive glass installers and repairers -46724.20
## OCCAutomotive service technicians and mechanics -48379.72
## OCCBus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists -36323.70
## OCCHeavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics -39878.29
## OCCSmall engine mechanics -34971.96
## OCCMiscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers -53298.94
## OCCControl and valve installers and repairers -51044.62
## OCCHeating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers -34660.79
## OCCHome appliance repairers -62664.05
## OCCIndustrial and refractory machinery mechanics -39818.21
## OCCMaintenance and repair workers, general -45850.64
## OCCMaintenance workers, machinery -37569.30
## OCCMillwrights -34453.42
## OCCElectrical power-line installers and repairers -16565.35
## OCCTelecommunications line installers and repairers -40675.70
## OCCPrecision instrument and equipment repairers -42706.51
## OCCCoin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers -53674.39
## OCCLocksmiths and safe repairers -35523.31
## OCCRiggers -35268.99
## OCCHelpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers -48580.17
## OCCOther installation, maintenance, and repair workers -45851.24
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of production and operating workers -37799.52
## OCCElectrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers -85234.85
## OCCEngine and other machine assemblers -57297.59
## OCCStructural metal fabricators and fitters -77165.79
## OCCOther assemblers and fabricators -69112.97
## OCCBakers -67177.31
## OCCButchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers -41410.18
## OCCFood and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders -69195.51
## OCCFood batchmakers -63227.29
## OCCFood cooking machine operators and tenders -73939.40
## OCCFood processing workers, all other -63022.92
## OCCComputer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers -51727.79
## OCCForming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -62632.50
## OCCCutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -65220.94
## OCCGrinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -66896.68
## OCCOther machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -54182.67
## OCCMachinists -47331.09
## OCCMetal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters -63850.78
## OCCMolders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -54448.01
## OCCTool and die makers -34904.18
## OCCWelding, soldering, and brazing workers -57117.60
## OCCOther metal workers and plastic workers -70500.89
## OCCPrepress technicians and workers -69318.72
## OCCPrinting press operators -56398.68
## OCCPrint binding and finishing workers -65202.53
## OCCLaundry and dry-cleaning workers -56678.48
## OCCPressers, textile, garment, and related materials -49382.54
## OCCSewing machine operators -64981.60
## OCCShoe and leather workers -72898.26
## OCCTailors, dressmakers, and sewers -62577.78
## OCCTextile machine setters, operators, and tenders -54573.80
## OCCUpholsterers -61485.81
## OCCOther textile, apparel, and furnishings workers -35586.72
## OCCCabinetmakers and bench carpenters -47708.37
## OCCFurniture finishers -62496.37
## OCCSawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood -34905.92
## OCCWoodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing -63510.34
## OCCOther woodworkers -70497.30
## OCCPower plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers -9513.65
## OCCStationary engineers and boiler operators -21278.19
## OCCWater and wastewater treatment plant and system operators -44899.41
## OCCMiscellaneous plant and system operators -34902.63
## OCCChemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders -39335.65
## OCCCrushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers -21894.94
## OCCCutting workers -75259.34
## OCCExtruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders -49034.74
## OCCFurnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders -88986.39
## OCCInspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers -55612.16
## OCCJewelers and precious stone and metal workers -61934.08
## OCCDental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians -63594.10
## OCCPackaging and filling machine operators and tenders -69484.49
## OCCPainting workers -55862.05
## OCCPhotographic process workers and processing machine operators -27367.36
## OCCAdhesive bonding machine operators and tenders -51341.99
## OCCEtchers and engravers -62199.03
## OCCMolders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic -55330.88
## OCCPaper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders -56422.10
## OCCTire builders -37112.02
## OCCHelpers--production workers -65635.62
## OCCOther production workers -62553.53
## OCCSupervisors of transportation and material moving workers -39652.57
## OCCAircraft pilots and flight engineers 39447.24
## OCCAir traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists -38355.66
## OCCFlight attendants -68280.04
## OCCAmbulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians -64080.87
## OCCBus drivers, school -69749.84
## OCCBus drivers, transit and intercity -58320.72
## OCCDriver/sales workers and truck drivers -58582.47
## OCCShuttle drivers and chauffeurs -84740.84
## OCCTaxi drivers -92058.56
## OCCMotor vehicle operators, all other -75806.49
## OCCLocomotive engineers and operators -40933.25
## OCCRailroad conductors and yardmasters -56807.54
## OCCOther rail transportation workers -17338.66
## OCCSailors and marine oilers -48877.65
## OCCShip and boat captains and operators -40590.07
## OCCParking attendants -60817.57
## OCCTransportation service attendants -57973.90
## OCCTransportation inspectors -38300.94
## OCCPassenger attendants -78424.43
## OCCOther transportation workers -42504.32
## OCCCrane and tower operators -6406.34
## OCCConveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators -82662.74
## OCCIndustrial truck and tractor operators -55189.04
## OCCCleaners of vehicles and equipment -66381.18
## OCCLaborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand -64668.13
## OCCMachine feeders and offbearers -69149.72
## OCCPackers and packagers, hand -72418.94
## OCCStockers and order fillers -62062.21
## OCCPumping station operators -26860.74
## OCCRefuse and recyclable material collectors -78667.33
## OCCOther material moving workers -63825.94
## OCCMilitary officer special and tactical operations leaders 3794.52
## OCCFirst-line enlisted military supervisors -18732.54
## OCCMilitary enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crew members -43114.13
## OCCMilitary, rank not Specified -35106.13
## OCCUnemployed, with no work experience in the last 5 years or earlier or never worked -85889.28
## INDAnimal production and aquaculture 202.67
## INDForestry except logging -12918.52
## INDLogging -9499.91
## INDFishing, hunting and trapping -7650.65
## INDSupport activities for agriculture and forestry -5712.58
## INDOil and gas extraction 42241.05
## INDCoal mining -38003.35
## INDMetal ore mining 15495.98
## INDNonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying -2241.28
## INDSupport activities for mining 43943.64
## INDElectric power generation, transmission and distribution 21924.66
## INDNatural gas distribution 20821.03
## INDElectric and gas, and other combinations 40392.06
## INDWater, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems 13964.25
## INDSewage treatment facilities 6990.14
## INDNot specified utilities 2623.41
## INDConstruction (the cleaning of buildings and dwellings is incidental during construction and immediately after construction) 1556.51
## INDAnimal food, grain and oilseed milling 21059.41
## INDSugar and confectionery products 14663.93
## INDFruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing 12132.23
## INDDairy product manufacturing 25934.77
## INDAnimal slaughtering and processing 8194.65
## INDRetail bakeries -1629.85
## INDBakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries 16514.88
## INDSeafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c. 11532.93
## INDNot specified food industries 10773.81
## INDBeverage manufacturing 13032.84
## INDTobacco manufacturing -8283.36
## INDFiber, yarn, and thread mills -6094.52
## INDFabric mills, except knitting mills 3748.17
## INDTextile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills 19328.32
## INDCarpet and rug mills 2702.73
## INDTextile product mills, except carpet and rug -8342.19
## INDKnitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills -11520.15
## INDCut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing -1370.05
## INDFootwear manufacturing 16520.30
## INDLeather and hide tanning and finishing, and other leather and allied product manufacturing 1780.33
## INDPulp, paper, and paperboard mills 33185.39
## INDPaperboard container manufacturing 16909.50
## INDMiscellaneous paper and pulp products 8897.53
## INDPrinting and related support activities 236.08
## INDPetroleum refining 42861.56
## INDMiscellaneous petroleum and coal products 33884.61
## INDResin, synthetic rubber, and fibers and filaments manufacturing 19259.26
## INDAgricultural chemical manufacturing 8309.14
## INDPharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 46801.54
## INDPaint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 9754.21
## INDSoap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing 15000.73
## INDIndustrial and miscellaneous chemicals 18393.51
## INDPlastics product manufacturing 12499.61
## INDTire manufacturing 379.13
## INDRubber products, except tires, manufacturing 3245.64
## INDPottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing -7556.88
## INDClay building material and refractories manufacturing 34379.64
## INDGlass and glass product manufacturing 7483.87
## INDCement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing 32770.93
## INDMiscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 16147.31
## INDIron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing 19271.52
## INDAluminum production and processing 6481.47
## INDNonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing 25892.38
## INDFoundries 6348.61
## INDMetal forgings and stampings 48436.81
## INDCutlery and hand tool manufacturing -2002.81
## INDStructural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 11353.30
## INDMachine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 6179.64
## INDCoating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 21403.14
## INDOrdnance 7778.23
## INDMiscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing 11726.26
## INDNot specified metal industries 19778.62
## INDAgricultural implement manufacturing 12566.52
## INDConstruction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing 17721.26
## INDCommercial and service industry machinery manufacturing 44952.29
## INDMetalworking machinery manufacturing 12557.10
## INDEngine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing 4043.93
## INDMachinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified 13936.23
## INDComputer and peripheral equipment manufacturing 75231.87
## INDCommunications, audio, and video equipment manufacturing 33844.71
## INDNavigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 12414.49
## INDElectronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c. 52316.68
## INDHousehold appliance manufacturing 15050.41
## INDElectric lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c. 17448.60
## INDMotor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing 22373.85
## INDAircraft and parts manufacturing 12786.99
## INDAerospace products and parts manufacturing 25351.45
## INDRailroad rolling stock manufacturing 12242.98
## INDShip and boat building 7665.97
## INDOther transportation equipment manufacturing 20986.50
## INDSawmills and wood preservation 2709.78
## INDVeneer, plywood, and engineered wood products -306.93
## INDPrefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes manufacturing -15456.29
## INDMiscellaneous wood products 13032.98
## INDFurniture and related product manufacturing 28.18
## INDMedical equipment and supplies manufacturing 22652.69
## INDSporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing 4240.24
## INDMiscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c. 7392.83
## INDNot specified manufacturing industries 12010.05
## INDMotor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers 5404.26
## INDFurniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers 1036.59
## INDLumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers 23087.22
## INDProfessional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 30331.80
## INDMetals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers 19287.33
## INDHousehold appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers 16413.82
## INDHardware, and plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 1562.80
## INDMachinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 12865.73
## INDRecyclable material merchant wholesalers -6008.52
## INDMiscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers -7347.97
## INDPaper and paper products merchant wholesalers 12069.39
## INDDrugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers 22116.55
## INDApparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers -3845.96
## INDGrocery and related product merchant wholesalers 7610.04
## INDFarm product raw material merchant wholesalers -639.77
## INDPetroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 17866.02
## INDAlcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers 5031.86
## INDFarm supplies merchant wholesalers 11749.68
## INDMiscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers -2256.29
## INDWholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers 5539.15
## INDNot specified wholesale trade -6152.77
## INDAutomobile dealers 20864.30
## INDOther motor vehicle dealers -1717.78
## INDAutomotive parts, accessories, and tire stores 2155.82
## INDFurniture and home furnishings stores 2657.86
## INDHousehold appliance stores 15915.53
## INDElectronics Stores 25767.96
## INDBuilding material and supplies dealers 4988.25
## INDHardware stores -2898.76
## INDLawn and garden equipment and supplies stores 1494.46
## INDSupermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores 2183.55
## INDConvenience Stores -7698.45
## INDSpecialty food stores -7751.96
## INDBeer, wine, and liquor stores -2357.51
## INDPharmacies and drug stores 2170.95
## INDHealth and personal care, except drug, stores -1056.24
## INDGasoline stations -3975.44
## INDClothing stores -6120.36
## INDShoe stores 624.30
## INDJewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores 1104.89
## INDSporting goods, and hobby and toy stores -990.25
## INDSewing, needlework, and piece goods stores -20562.96
## INDMusical instrument and supplies stores 1324.87
## INDBook stores and news dealers -1506.96
## INDDepartment stores -6968.51
## INDGeneral merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters 81.17
## INDFlorists -12507.96
## INDOffice supplies and stationery stores -1414.09
## INDUsed merchandise stores -13681.92
## INDGift, novelty, and souvenir shops -11962.36
## INDMiscellaneous retail stores -8078.65
## INDElectronic shopping and mail-order houses 27063.66
## INDVending machine operators -12758.77
## INDFuel dealers 5101.90
## INDOther direct selling establishments -18821.13
## INDNot specified retail trade -5445.45
## INDAir transportation 15976.50
## INDRail transportation 34377.43
## INDWater transportation 1409.24
## INDTruck transportation 9161.50
## INDBus service and urban transit 16744.45
## INDTaxi and limousine service 21471.32
## INDPipeline transportation 49630.42
## INDScenic and sightseeing transportation -19788.58
## INDServices incidental to transportation 6956.32
## INDPostal Service 15045.60
## INDCouriers and messengers 4291.89
## INDWarehousing and storage 6910.35
## INDNewspaper publishers 1977.27
## INDPeriodical, book, and directory publishers 24711.17
## INDSoftware publishers 48304.73
## INDMotion pictures and video industries 11691.59
## INDSound recording industries 700.18
## INDBroadcasting (except internet) 31182.82
## INDInternet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 147523.95
## INDWired telecommunications carriers 12229.84
## INDTelecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers 26957.32
## INDData processing, hosting, and related services 77007.26
## INDLibraries and archives -8697.59
## INDOther information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 34661.49
## INDBanking and related activities 21284.92
## INDSavings institutions, including credit unions 8112.01
## INDNondepository credit and related activities 33539.07
## INDSecurities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments 51802.08
## INDInsurance carriers 16742.03
## INDAgencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities 18691.69
## INDLessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers 5605.93
## INDReal estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other activities related to real estate 8952.08
## INDAutomotive equipment rental and leasing -2175.06
## INDOther consumer goods rental 11289.01
## INDCommercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing 34063.24
## INDLegal services 6963.06
## INDAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 4525.39
## INDArchitectural, engineering, and related services 4865.32
## INDSpecialized design services -9572.21
## INDComputer systems design and related services 28503.55
## INDManagement, scientific, and technical consulting services 2336.45
## INDScientific research and development services 16569.54
## INDAdvertising, public relations, and related services 15060.15
## INDVeterinary services -3621.97
## INDOther professional, scientific, and technical services -3007.08
## INDManagement of companies and enterprises 16461.73
## INDEmployment services -3828.95
## INDBusiness support services -4502.52
## INDTravel arrangements and reservation services -3113.81
## INDInvestigation and security services -1120.89
## INDServices to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and immediately after construction) -5872.01
## INDLandscaping services -12400.85
## INDOther administrative and other support services 3623.14
## INDWaste management and remediation services 17479.99
## INDElementary and secondary schools 202.87
## INDColleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges -9060.49
## INDBusiness, technical, and trade schools and training -21872.70
## INDOther schools and instruction, and educational support services -12727.26
## INDOffices of physicians 7596.26
## INDOffices of dentists -2800.19
## INDOffices of chiropractors -17488.36
## INDOffices of optometrists -8380.50
## INDOffices of other health practitioners -15984.92
## INDOutpatient care centers -31.91
## INDHome health care services -3991.99
## INDOther health care services 1721.59
## INDGeneral medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals 10871.33
## INDPsychiatric and substance abuse hospitals 9783.46
## INDNursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) 1512.91
## INDResidential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities 2142.47
## INDIndividual and family services -3780.51
## INDCommunity food and housing, and emergency services -14186.92
## INDVocational rehabilitation services -6570.62
## INDChild day care services -9323.63
## INDPerforming arts companies -18416.96
## INDSpectator sports 15164.05
## INDPromoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers for artists, athletes, entertainers, and other public figures 2685.18
## INDIndependent artists, writers, and performers -14895.37
## INDMuseums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions 2443.50
## INDBowling centers -15548.82
## INDOther amusement, gambling, and recreation industries -2468.56
## INDTraveler accommodation -446.14
## INDRecreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps -20267.37
## INDRestaurants and other food services -1163.94
## INDDrinking places, alcoholic beverages -923.72
## INDAutomotive repair and maintenance -3932.52
## INDCar washes 4761.67
## INDElectronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance -13311.52
## INDCommercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance 8858.37
## INDPersonal and household goods repair and maintenance -8091.26
## INDBarber shops -7726.02
## INDBeauty salons -9166.32
## INDNail salons and other personal care services -11665.67
## INDDrycleaning and laundry services -16961.59
## INDFuneral homes, and cemeteries and crematories 249.40
## INDOther personal services -10888.30
## INDReligious organizations -11354.12
## INDCivic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services -6509.13
## INDLabor unions 4571.94
## INDBusiness, professional, political, and similar organizations 7372.89
## INDPrivate households -7102.04
## INDExecutive offices and legislative bodies 10205.44
## INDPublic finance activities 6074.84
## INDOther general government and support -13026.13
## INDJustice, public order, and safety activities 14904.37
## INDAdministration of human resource programs 4134.86
## INDAdministration of environmental quality and housing programs 5972.30
## INDAdministration of economic programs and space research 2001.85
## INDNational security and international affairs 15605.01
## INDU. S. Army -2751.20
## INDU. S. Air Force -4076.38
## INDU. S. Navy 7354.46
## INDU. S. Marines -9062.75
## INDU. S. Coast Guard -27315.90
## INDArmed Forces, Branch not specified 24908.22
## INDMilitary Reserves or National Guard -16969.77
## INDUnemployed, last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked NA
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 9294.58
## AGE 14.62
## CITIZEN2 719.02
## CITIZEN3 755.97
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified 740.15
## EDUCDBachelor's degree 666.54
## EDUCDMaster's degree 764.09
## EDUCDDoctoral degree 1095.41
## OCCComputer systems analysts 7576.06
## OCCInformation security analysts 8383.03
## OCCComputer programmers 7674.53
## OCCSoftware developers 7389.84
## OCCSoftware quality assurance analysts and testers 8192.29
## OCCWeb developers 8697.86
## OCCWeb and digital interface designers 9302.57
## OCCComputer support specialists 7599.48
## OCCDatabase administrators and architects 8111.88
## OCCNetwork and computer systems administrators 8096.49
## OCCComputer network architects 8468.35
## OCCComputer occupations, all other 7568.05
## OCCActuaries 10164.66
## OCCOperations research analysts 8319.61
## OCCOther mathematical science occupations 7613.59
## OCCArchitects, except landscape and naval 7892.80
## OCCLandscape architects 12614.70
## OCCSurveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 13654.91
## OCCAerospace engineers 8551.87
## OCCBioengineers and biomedical engineers 12287.14
## OCCChemical engineers 8639.72
## OCCCivil engineers 7712.69
## OCCComputer hardware engineers 8356.17
## OCCElectrical and electronics engineers 7729.16
## OCCEnvironmental engineers 10723.36
## OCCIndustrial engineers, including health and safety 7890.34
## OCCMarine engineers and naval architects 17073.27
## OCCMaterials engineers 9512.58
## OCCMechanical engineers 7830.08
## OCCPetroleum engineers 11898.78
## OCCEngineers, all other 7501.38
## OCCArchitectural and civil drafters 10336.18
## OCCOther drafters 9573.91
## OCCElectrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians 9407.15
## OCCOther engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters 8042.22
## OCCSurveying and mapping technicians 14354.33
## OCCAgricultural and food scientists 10603.08
## OCCBiological scientists 8593.57
## OCCConservation scientists and foresters 19085.52
## OCCMedical scientists 7739.03
## OCCAstronomers and physicists 11148.25
## OCCAtmospheric and space scientists 17320.82
## OCCChemists and materials scientists 8239.14
## OCCEnvironmental scientists and specialists, including health 11201.40
## OCCGeoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers 11786.90
## OCCPhysical scientists, all other 7525.23
## OCCEconomists 9098.17
## OCCClinical and counseling psychologists 13143.24
## OCCSchool psychologists 10853.38
## OCCOther psychologists 8636.57
## OCCUrban and regional planners 11816.27
## OCCMiscellaneous social scientists and related workers 10044.88
## OCCAgricultural and food science technicians 13990.32
## OCCBiological technicians 12920.26
## OCCChemical technicians 11771.62
## OCCEnvironmental science and geoscience technicians 15188.88
## OCCOther life, physical, and social science technicians 8194.15
## OCCOccupational health and safety specialists and technicians 10561.05
## OCCSubstance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 9206.91
## OCCEducational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors 8238.87
## OCCMarriage and family therapists 12314.56
## OCCMental health counselors 8818.02
## OCCRehabilitation counselors 16549.49
## OCCCounselors, all other 8888.94
## OCCChild, family, and school social workers 11134.06
## OCCHealthcare social workers 10563.47
## OCCMental health and substance abuse social workers 13056.51
## OCCSocial workers, all other 7812.40
## OCCProbation officers and correctional treatment specialists 11139.36
## OCCSocial and human service assistants 8448.51
## OCCOther community and social service specialists 9657.71
## OCCClergy 8209.61
## OCCDirectors, religious activities and education 11538.83
## OCCReligious workers, all other 9676.99
## OCCLawyers 8082.42
## OCCJudicial law clerks 17855.45
## OCCParalegals and legal assistants 8171.74
## OCCTitle examiners, abstractors, and searchers 10237.97
## OCCLegal support workers, all other 11071.79
## OCCPostsecondary teachers 7510.26
## OCCPreschool and kindergarten teachers 7916.58
## OCCElementary and middle school teachers 7591.15
## OCCSecondary school teachers 7695.59
## OCCSpecial education teachers 8175.07
## OCCTutors 8287.54
## OCCOther teachers and instructors 7703.36
## OCCArchivists, curators, and museum technicians 10653.98
## OCCLibrarians and media collections specialists 8930.60
## OCCLibrary technicians 13708.78
## OCCTeaching assistants 7617.04
## OCCOther educational instruction and library workers 8851.80
## OCCArtists and related workers 8196.51
## OCCCommercial and industrial designers 15608.66
## OCCFashion designers 10179.78
## OCCFloral designers 14958.68
## OCCGraphic designers 8045.24
## OCCInterior designers 9179.54
## OCCMerchandise displayers and window trimmers 13509.20
## OCCOther designers 7796.79
## OCCActors 10047.42
## OCCProducers and directors 8501.90
## OCCAthletes and sports competitors 14404.40
## OCCCoaches and scouts 8510.93
## OCCUmpires, referees, and other sports officials 14668.90
## OCCDancers and choreographers 18076.77
## OCCMusic directors and composers 12432.60
## OCCMusicians and singers 9005.71
## OCCDisc jockeys, except radio 22291.99
## OCCEntertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 13174.03
## OCCBroadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys 15816.48
## OCCNews analysts, reporters, and journalists 9327.70
## OCCPublic relations specialists 9374.37
## OCCEditors 8882.38
## OCCTechnical writers 10354.93
## OCCWriters and authors 8515.11
## OCCInterpreters and translators 8162.64
## OCCCourt reporters and simultaneous captioners 17414.91
## OCCMedia and communication workers, all other 13960.36
## OCCBroadcast, sound, and lighting technicians 9962.76
## OCCPhotographers 8639.36
## OCCTelevision, video, and film camera operators and editors 9989.36
## OCCChiropractors 16386.63
## OCCDentists 9817.83
## OCCDietitians and nutritionists 9156.18
## OCCOptometrists 14404.27
## OCCPharmacists 7997.78
## OCCOther physicians 8010.45
## OCCSurgeons 15867.14
## OCCPhysician assistants 8815.48
## OCCPodiatrists 29042.77
## OCCAudiologists 16907.17
## OCCOccupational therapists 9207.19
## OCCPhysical therapists 8045.17
## OCCRadiation therapists 21153.26
## OCCRecreational therapists 16923.91
## OCCRespiratory therapists 8885.17
## OCCSpeech-language pathologists 8902.25
## OCCTherapists, all other 8531.91
## OCCVeterinarians 16497.19
## OCCRegistered nurses 7460.36
## OCCNurse anesthetists 11634.77
## OCCNurse practitioners 8245.29
## OCCAcupuncturists 10735.44
## OCCHealthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other 15393.62
## OCCClinical laboratory technologists and technicians 7856.06
## OCCDental hygienists 9305.05
## OCCCardiovascular technologists and technicians 10200.99
## OCCDiagnostic medical sonographers 8915.91
## OCCRadiologic technologists and technicians 8465.61
## OCCMagnetic resonance imaging technologists 10170.09
## OCCNuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 11422.25
## OCCEmergency medical technicians 10593.72
## OCCParamedics 10875.60
## OCCPharmacy technicians 8321.26
## OCCPsychiatric technicians 10017.51
## OCCSurgical technologists 10086.28
## OCCVeterinary technologists and technicians 12698.72
## OCCDietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians 13340.61
## OCCLicensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 8085.23
## OCCMedical records specialists 8683.09
## OCCOpticians, dispensing 10575.62
## OCCMiscellaneous health technologists and technicians 8745.67
## OCCOther healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 9302.13
## OCCHome health aides 7992.26
## OCCPersonal care aides 7609.29
## OCCNursing assistants 7696.94
## OCCOrderlies and psychiatric aides 13795.79
## OCCOccupational therapy assistants and aides 11629.62
## OCCPhysical therapist assistants and aides 9418.80
## OCCMassage therapists 9344.41
## OCCDental assistants 8912.11
## OCCMedical assistants 7907.69
## OCCMedical transcriptionists 10753.40
## OCCPharmacy aides 14501.97
## OCCVeterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 15943.43
## OCCPhlebotomists 9769.06
## OCCOther healthcare support workers 8888.80
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of correctional officers 15968.26
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of police and detectives 11750.23
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 17029.68
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of security workers 12635.79
## OCCFirefighters 10028.14
## OCCFire inspectors 19603.39
## OCCBailiffs 16604.79
## OCCCorrectional officers and jailers 9436.36
## OCCDetectives and criminal investigators 9875.41
## OCCParking enforcement workers 14380.59
## OCCPolice officers 8191.94
## OCCAnimal control workers 32267.04
## OCCPrivate detectives and investigators 9848.37
## OCCSecurity guards and gambling surveillance officers 8115.71
## OCCCrossing guards and flaggers 17341.37
## OCCTransportation security screeners 14209.69
## OCCSchool bus monitors 16984.28
## OCCOther protective service workers 11211.31
## OCCChefs and head cooks 8017.95
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 8644.40
## OCCCooks 7793.01
## OCCFood preparation workers 8093.50
## OCCBartenders 9149.66
## OCCFast food and counter workers 8461.11
## OCCWaiters and waitresses 7797.27
## OCCFood servers, nonrestaurant 9104.99
## OCCDining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 9451.03
## OCCDishwashers 10526.61
## OCCHosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 9799.78
## OCCFood preparation and serving related workers, all other 21180.70
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers 8874.45
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 12121.83
## OCCJanitors and building cleaners 7705.66
## OCCMaids and housekeeping cleaners 7773.65
## OCCPest control workers 15395.43
## OCCLandscaping and groundskeeping workers 9038.23
## OCCTree trimmers and pruners 17468.22
## OCCOther grounds maintenance workers 29078.55
## OCCSupervisors of personal care and service workers 12165.71
## OCCAnimal trainers 14231.42
## OCCAnimal caretakers 9976.06
## OCCGambling services workers 9468.36
## OCCUshers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 16914.79
## OCCOther entertainment attendants and related workers 9732.92
## OCCEmbalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants 31117.38
## OCCMorticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers 21795.55
## OCCBarbers 25920.29
## OCCHairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 9571.07
## OCCManicurists and pedicurists 9061.22
## OCCSkincare specialists 10075.68
## OCCOther personal appearance workers 12842.38
## OCCBaggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 10156.23
## OCCTour and travel guides 12112.54
## OCCChildcare workers 7889.46
## OCCExercise trainers and group fitness instructors 8545.01
## OCCRecreation workers 10050.76
## OCCResidential advisors 11768.71
## OCCPersonal care and service workers, all other 9845.49
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of retail sales workers 7559.68
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers 7708.94
## OCCCashiers 7598.63
## OCCCounter and rental clerks 11313.73
## OCCParts salespersons 14749.29
## OCCRetail salespersons 7570.50
## OCCAdvertising sales agents 10381.82
## OCCInsurance sales agents 8132.19
## OCCSecurities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 8344.89
## OCCTravel agents 10666.71
## OCCSales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel 7884.43
## OCCSales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing 7729.17
## OCCModels, demonstrators, and product promoters 12305.04
## OCCReal estate brokers and sales agents 8039.69
## OCCSales engineers 9882.32
## OCCTelemarketers 15067.73
## OCCDoor-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 12724.08
## OCCSales and related workers, all other 8095.88
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 7634.37
## OCCSwitchboard operators, including answering service 22156.46
## OCCTelephone operators 20297.32
## OCCCommunications equipment operators, all other 24838.91
## OCCBill and account collectors 10378.22
## OCCBilling and posting clerks 8055.03
## OCCBookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 7647.84
## OCCPayroll and timekeeping clerks 9007.58
## OCCProcurement clerks 11748.15
## OCCTellers 8816.26
## OCCFinancial clerks, all other 8881.69
## OCCCourt, municipal, and license clerks 11051.90
## OCCCredit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 15867.32
## OCCCustomer service representatives 7514.55
## OCCEligibility interviewers, government programs 9307.16
## OCCFile clerks 9583.78
## OCCHotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 9726.73
## OCCInterviewers, except eligibility and loan 8876.34
## OCCLibrary assistants, clerical 10216.98
## OCCLoan interviewers and clerks 10106.84
## OCCNew accounts clerks 17385.10
## OCCOrder clerks 10873.31
## OCCHuman resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 10107.64
## OCCReceptionists and information clerks 7732.01
## OCCReservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 9527.86
## OCCInformation and record clerks, all other 9402.40
## OCCCargo and freight agents 14047.07
## OCCCouriers and messengers 8315.07
## OCCPublic safety telecommunicators 14246.17
## OCCDispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 9487.77
## OCCMeter readers, utilities 37014.37
## OCCPostal service clerks 10852.96
## OCCPostal service mail carriers 10395.13
## OCCPostal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 12155.86
## OCCProduction, planning, and expediting clerks 8441.66
## OCCShipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 8199.59
## OCCWeighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 11839.23
## OCCExecutive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 8276.22
## OCCLegal secretaries and administrative assistants 12190.23
## OCCMedical secretaries and administrative assistants 11303.10
## OCCSecretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive 7533.87
## OCCData entry keyers 8457.67
## OCCWord processors and typists 15577.10
## OCCInsurance claims and policy processing clerks 9626.95
## OCCMail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 13324.22
## OCCOffice clerks, general 7619.84
## OCCOffice machine operators, except computer 12270.48
## OCCProofreaders and copy markers 18350.98
## OCCStatistical assistants 13602.82
## OCCOffice and administrative support workers, all other 7759.32
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 18729.44
## OCCAgricultural inspectors 24859.24
## OCCGraders and sorters, agricultural products 15543.33
## OCCMiscellaneous agricultural workers 9507.66
## OCCFishing and hunting workers 25005.96
## OCCForest and conservation workers 27235.87
## OCCLogging workers 33469.72
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers 8618.35
## OCCBoilermakers 63082.28
## OCCBrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons 13259.66
## OCCCarpenters 8209.66
## OCCCarpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 11009.02
## OCCCement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers 20338.67
## OCCConstruction laborers 7980.72
## OCCConstruction equipment operators 12234.13
## OCCDrywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers 12887.65
## OCCElectricians 8157.18
## OCCGlaziers 21278.14
## OCCInsulation workers 19676.64
## OCCPainters and paperhangers 8550.85
## OCCPipelayers 24919.73
## OCCPlumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 8979.60
## OCCPlasterers and stucco masons 24848.00
## OCCRoofers 11777.76
## OCCSheet metal workers 14197.90
## OCCStructural iron and steel workers 14838.11
## OCCSolar photovoltaic installers 22189.45
## OCCHelpers, construction trades 15088.21
## OCCConstruction and building inspectors 9882.01
## OCCElevator and escalator installers and repairers 19586.04
## OCCFence erectors 29010.49
## OCCHazardous materials removal workers 23459.36
## OCCHighway maintenance workers 22192.83
## OCCRail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 45119.03
## OCCMiscellaneous construction and related workers 17407.68
## OCCDerrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas 22515.94
## OCCEarth drillers, except oil and gas 36939.91
## OCCExplosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 45053.86
## OCCUnderground mining machine operators 37583.93
## OCCOther extraction workers 29382.16
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 9824.08
## OCCComputer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 8871.51
## OCCRadio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers 9664.27
## OCCAvionics technicians 17842.87
## OCCElectric motor, power tool, and related repairers 16671.49
## OCCElectrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility 22174.09
## OCCAudiovisual equipment installers and repairers 15384.26
## OCCSecurity and fire alarm systems installers 14029.24
## OCCAircraft mechanics and service technicians 9185.46
## OCCAutomotive body and related repairers 13904.44
## OCCAutomotive glass installers and repairers 29217.62
## OCCAutomotive service technicians and mechanics 8496.22
## OCCBus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 10343.94
## OCCHeavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics 11265.52
## OCCSmall engine mechanics 22416.99
## OCCMiscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 16698.46
## OCCControl and valve installers and repairers 23484.42
## OCCHeating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 8737.30
## OCCHome appliance repairers 13896.92
## OCCIndustrial and refractory machinery mechanics 9108.54
## OCCMaintenance and repair workers, general 8110.18
## OCCMaintenance workers, machinery 24888.24
## OCCMillwrights 18947.77
## OCCElectrical power-line installers and repairers 15762.22
## OCCTelecommunications line installers and repairers 11764.85
## OCCPrecision instrument and equipment repairers 11519.81
## OCCCoin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 20545.87
## OCCLocksmiths and safe repairers 22279.83
## OCCRiggers 37131.27
## OCCHelpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 24910.54
## OCCOther installation, maintenance, and repair workers 10275.21
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of production and operating workers 8073.81
## OCCElectrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers 10054.26
## OCCEngine and other machine assemblers 37188.64
## OCCStructural metal fabricators and fitters 45009.33
## OCCOther assemblers and fabricators 7922.28
## OCCBakers 9423.83
## OCCButchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers 10460.95
## OCCFood and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 26792.26
## OCCFood batchmakers 11712.21
## OCCFood cooking machine operators and tenders 37006.48
## OCCFood processing workers, all other 10953.09
## OCCComputer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers 10860.23
## OCCForming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 29318.29
## OCCCutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 23521.15
## OCCGrinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 19238.18
## OCCOther machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 44990.09
## OCCMachinists 8979.02
## OCCMetal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters 37099.56
## OCCMolders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 15381.73
## OCCTool and die makers 15396.32
## OCCWelding, soldering, and brazing workers 9359.87
## OCCOther metal workers and plastic workers 8899.06
## OCCPrepress technicians and workers 16190.94
## OCCPrinting press operators 11225.37
## OCCPrint binding and finishing workers 25027.89
## OCCLaundry and dry-cleaning workers 10769.05
## OCCPressers, textile, garment, and related materials 19319.54
## OCCSewing machine operators 10416.48
## OCCShoe and leather workers 23913.85
## OCCTailors, dressmakers, and sewers 10501.43
## OCCTextile machine setters, operators, and tenders 20479.97
## OCCUpholsterers 23788.93
## OCCOther textile, apparel, and furnishings workers 17544.70
## OCCCabinetmakers and bench carpenters 16598.38
## OCCFurniture finishers 29137.22
## OCCSawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 34075.72
## OCCWoodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 29714.97
## OCCOther woodworkers 19324.89
## OCCPower plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers 16742.11
## OCCStationary engineers and boiler operators 9884.81
## OCCWater and wastewater treatment plant and system operators 15234.86
## OCCMiscellaneous plant and system operators 15766.06
## OCCChemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders 15395.78
## OCCCrushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers 14425.77
## OCCCutting workers 20468.05
## OCCExtruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 25063.13
## OCCFurnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 29131.17
## OCCInspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 7768.88
## OCCJewelers and precious stone and metal workers 10512.64
## OCCDental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians 9598.56
## OCCPackaging and filling machine operators and tenders 9633.47
## OCCPainting workers 12420.26
## OCCPhotographic process workers and processing machine operators 10616.73
## OCCAdhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 37005.11
## OCCEtchers and engravers 32248.74
## OCCMolders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 17478.01
## OCCPaper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 21232.94
## OCCTire builders 38142.41
## OCCHelpers--production workers 12081.08
## OCCOther production workers 7829.61
## OCCSupervisors of transportation and material moving workers 8852.80
## OCCAircraft pilots and flight engineers 9043.81
## OCCAir traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists 14677.12
## OCCFlight attendants 9626.24
## OCCAmbulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 36948.83
## OCCBus drivers, school 9491.57
## OCCBus drivers, transit and intercity 10035.43
## OCCDriver/sales workers and truck drivers 7652.29
## OCCShuttle drivers and chauffeurs 10484.75
## OCCTaxi drivers 9145.81
## OCCMotor vehicle operators, all other 9726.79
## OCCLocomotive engineers and operators 20851.29
## OCCRailroad conductors and yardmasters 19679.25
## OCCOther rail transportation workers 21390.46
## OCCSailors and marine oilers 16014.10
## OCCShip and boat captains and operators 17096.31
## OCCParking attendants 12072.61
## OCCTransportation service attendants 14123.44
## OCCTransportation inspectors 12326.15
## OCCPassenger attendants 14438.68
## OCCOther transportation workers 11771.86
## OCCCrane and tower operators 23403.07
## OCCConveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators 63220.91
## OCCIndustrial truck and tractor operators 9367.36
## OCCCleaners of vehicles and equipment 9350.52
## OCCLaborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 7676.33
## OCCMachine feeders and offbearers 17908.69
## OCCPackers and packagers, hand 8215.75
## OCCStockers and order fillers 7775.27
## OCCPumping station operators 29182.20
## OCCRefuse and recyclable material collectors 18453.97
## OCCOther material moving workers 15061.63
## OCCMilitary officer special and tactical operations leaders 13591.76
## OCCFirst-line enlisted military supervisors 12682.17
## OCCMilitary enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crew members 11058.31
## OCCMilitary, rank not Specified 10128.93
## OCCUnemployed, with no work experience in the last 5 years or earlier or never worked 9539.95
## INDAnimal production and aquaculture 7429.18
## INDForestry except logging 17236.22
## INDLogging 29266.53
## INDFishing, hunting and trapping 23466.06
## INDSupport activities for agriculture and forestry 9458.74
## INDOil and gas extraction 10520.30
## INDCoal mining 24349.18
## INDMetal ore mining 17087.31
## INDNonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 21629.52
## INDSupport activities for mining 8689.57
## INDElectric power generation, transmission and distribution 6688.18
## INDNatural gas distribution 11261.05
## INDElectric and gas, and other combinations 9474.94
## INDWater, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems 8557.61
## INDSewage treatment facilities 10875.08
## INDNot specified utilities 18280.77
## INDConstruction (the cleaning of buildings and dwellings is incidental during construction and immediately after construction) 5813.97
## INDAnimal food, grain and oilseed milling 10539.85
## INDSugar and confectionery products 11914.96
## INDFruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing 9518.53
## INDDairy product manufacturing 11377.64
## INDAnimal slaughtering and processing 7683.89
## INDRetail bakeries 8123.75
## INDBakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries 8287.77
## INDSeafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c. 7704.50
## INDNot specified food industries 12699.04
## INDBeverage manufacturing 8468.29
## INDTobacco manufacturing 31859.00
## INDFiber, yarn, and thread mills 36813.19
## INDFabric mills, except knitting mills 11383.97
## INDTextile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills 24393.90
## INDCarpet and rug mills 20728.17
## INDTextile product mills, except carpet and rug 13609.95
## INDKnitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills 20114.47
## INDCut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing 7572.77
## INDFootwear manufacturing 18256.95
## INDLeather and hide tanning and finishing, and other leather and allied product manufacturing 21660.65
## INDPulp, paper, and paperboard mills 10311.29
## INDPaperboard container manufacturing 12807.03
## INDMiscellaneous paper and pulp products 12597.44
## INDPrinting and related support activities 7172.54
## INDPetroleum refining 8136.57
## INDMiscellaneous petroleum and coal products 17681.08
## INDResin, synthetic rubber, and fibers and filaments manufacturing 10174.78
## INDAgricultural chemical manufacturing 17144.60
## INDPharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 5967.63
## INDPaint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 14296.81
## INDSoap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing 8001.28
## INDIndustrial and miscellaneous chemicals 7188.88
## INDPlastics product manufacturing 7335.44
## INDTire manufacturing 14622.65
## INDRubber products, except tires, manufacturing 12837.51
## INDPottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing 18265.83
## INDClay building material and refractories manufacturing 21804.11
## INDGlass and glass product manufacturing 11792.36
## INDCement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing 13369.51
## INDMiscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 14088.62
## INDIron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing 9838.36
## INDAluminum production and processing 14283.74
## INDNonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing 13300.58
## INDFoundries 15166.57
## INDMetal forgings and stampings 15130.16
## INDCutlery and hand tool manufacturing 13799.07
## INDStructural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 8105.01
## INDMachine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 7895.53
## INDCoating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 14185.86
## INDOrdnance 22907.65
## INDMiscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing 8076.07
## INDNot specified metal industries 26227.12
## INDAgricultural implement manufacturing 12442.97
## INDConstruction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing 10088.85
## INDCommercial and service industry machinery manufacturing 9792.41
## INDMetalworking machinery manufacturing 10656.89
## INDEngine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing 10175.40
## INDMachinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified 6447.18
## INDComputer and peripheral equipment manufacturing 6933.35
## INDCommunications, audio, and video equipment manufacturing 7070.05
## INDNavigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 6869.31
## INDElectronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c. 5873.33
## INDHousehold appliance manufacturing 10655.21
## INDElectric lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c. 7038.72
## INDMotor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing 6070.77
## INDAircraft and parts manufacturing 6202.75
## INDAerospace products and parts manufacturing 9345.07
## INDRailroad rolling stock manufacturing 18292.99
## INDShip and boat building 9785.36
## INDOther transportation equipment manufacturing 22905.91
## INDSawmills and wood preservation 15850.93
## INDVeneer, plywood, and engineered wood products 36613.62
## INDPrefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes manufacturing 21622.74
## INDMiscellaneous wood products 10837.81
## INDFurniture and related product manufacturing 7867.51
## INDMedical equipment and supplies manufacturing 6010.95
## INDSporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing 10235.62
## INDMiscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c. 6743.49
## INDNot specified manufacturing industries 6945.80
## INDMotor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers 7897.53
## INDFurniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers 9271.63
## INDLumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers 10017.77
## INDProfessional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 6958.89
## INDMetals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers 13754.39
## INDHousehold appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers 7752.81
## INDHardware, and plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 10499.05
## INDMachinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 7420.98
## INDRecyclable material merchant wholesalers 13666.03
## INDMiscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers 8369.99
## INDPaper and paper products merchant wholesalers 12739.64
## INDDrugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers 7381.02
## INDApparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers 7612.94
## INDGrocery and related product merchant wholesalers 6274.33
## INDFarm product raw material merchant wholesalers 20592.82
## INDPetroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 11301.94
## INDAlcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers 10086.30
## INDFarm supplies merchant wholesalers 15856.89
## INDMiscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers 7471.48
## INDWholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers 8770.82
## INDNot specified wholesale trade 8691.75
## INDAutomobile dealers 6264.85
## INDOther motor vehicle dealers 12075.58
## INDAutomotive parts, accessories, and tire stores 8057.85
## INDFurniture and home furnishings stores 6657.90
## INDHousehold appliance stores 12809.07
## INDElectronics Stores 6507.38
## INDBuilding material and supplies dealers 6385.17
## INDHardware stores 9919.30
## INDLawn and garden equipment and supplies stores 10322.53
## INDSupermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores 5884.49
## INDConvenience Stores 7131.68
## INDSpecialty food stores 8262.19
## INDBeer, wine, and liquor stores 7738.55
## INDPharmacies and drug stores 6204.02
## INDHealth and personal care, except drug, stores 6465.51
## INDGasoline stations 6703.74
## INDClothing stores 6030.95
## INDShoe stores 9309.69
## INDJewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores 7469.79
## INDSporting goods, and hobby and toy stores 7414.47
## INDSewing, needlework, and piece goods stores 13545.13
## INDMusical instrument and supplies stores 17654.50
## INDBook stores and news dealers 10572.94
## INDDepartment stores 6495.52
## INDGeneral merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters 5950.26
## INDFlorists 11816.40
## INDOffice supplies and stationery stores 9794.85
## INDUsed merchandise stores 8141.48
## INDGift, novelty, and souvenir shops 8515.29
## INDMiscellaneous retail stores 6480.62
## INDElectronic shopping and mail-order houses 5909.59
## INDVending machine operators 21537.75
## INDFuel dealers 14532.57
## INDOther direct selling establishments 11010.24
## INDNot specified retail trade 6553.36
## INDAir transportation 6412.44
## INDRail transportation 9735.90
## INDWater transportation 9956.27
## INDTruck transportation 6141.00
## INDBus service and urban transit 6846.49
## INDTaxi and limousine service 7567.49
## INDPipeline transportation 13665.36
## INDScenic and sightseeing transportation 15344.73
## INDServices incidental to transportation 6182.52
## INDPostal Service 8216.79
## INDCouriers and messengers 6294.91
## INDWarehousing and storage 6377.03
## INDNewspaper publishers 8558.90
## INDPeriodical, book, and directory publishers 7818.33
## INDSoftware publishers 6808.39
## INDMotion pictures and video industries 6557.61
## INDSound recording industries 13639.04
## INDBroadcasting (except internet) 6825.19
## INDInternet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 6146.24
## INDWired telecommunications carriers 6509.96
## INDTelecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers 6672.08
## INDData processing, hosting, and related services 6938.14
## INDLibraries and archives 7887.49
## INDOther information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 10513.04
## INDBanking and related activities 5940.28
## INDSavings institutions, including credit unions 7943.17
## INDNondepository credit and related activities 6052.48
## INDSecurities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments 6023.41
## INDInsurance carriers 5919.19
## INDAgencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities 6443.55
## INDLessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers 6212.93
## INDReal estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other activities related to real estate 7429.62
## INDAutomotive equipment rental and leasing 8804.41
## INDOther consumer goods rental 11414.28
## INDCommercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing 10181.87
## INDLegal services 6263.05
## INDAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 6435.14
## INDArchitectural, engineering, and related services 5834.60
## INDSpecialized design services 6516.31
## INDComputer systems design and related services 5664.42
## INDManagement, scientific, and technical consulting services 5884.61
## INDScientific research and development services 5847.85
## INDAdvertising, public relations, and related services 6613.11
## INDVeterinary services 10011.20
## INDOther professional, scientific, and technical services 6368.33
## INDManagement of companies and enterprises 8013.44
## INDEmployment services 6080.22
## INDBusiness support services 6513.20
## INDTravel arrangements and reservation services 7059.40
## INDInvestigation and security services 6694.08
## INDServices to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and immediately after construction) 6148.11
## INDLandscaping services 7649.74
## INDOther administrative and other support services 7476.32
## INDWaste management and remediation services 8359.53
## INDElementary and secondary schools 5765.49
## INDColleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges 5713.03
## INDBusiness, technical, and trade schools and training 8761.58
## INDOther schools and instruction, and educational support services 6070.62
## INDOffices of physicians 5904.41
## INDOffices of dentists 6726.18
## INDOffices of chiropractors 11449.65
## INDOffices of optometrists 8848.32
## INDOffices of other health practitioners 6567.07
## INDOutpatient care centers 5823.70
## INDHome health care services 5959.50
## INDOther health care services 5907.05
## INDGeneral medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals 5678.18
## INDPsychiatric and substance abuse hospitals 8533.05
## INDNursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) 5922.24
## INDResidential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities 6102.27
## INDIndividual and family services 5864.39
## INDCommunity food and housing, and emergency services 8962.70
## INDVocational rehabilitation services 10934.57
## INDChild day care services 6151.99
## INDPerforming arts companies 7939.56
## INDSpectator sports 9306.17
## INDPromoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers for artists, athletes, entertainers, and other public figures 9972.61
## INDIndependent artists, writers, and performers 6748.11
## INDMuseums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions 7270.37
## INDBowling centers 19868.64
## INDOther amusement, gambling, and recreation industries 6034.48
## INDTraveler accommodation 6063.93
## INDRecreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps 11427.27
## INDRestaurants and other food services 5826.96
## INDDrinking places, alcoholic beverages 10304.64
## INDAutomotive repair and maintenance 6754.73
## INDCar washes 11160.10
## INDElectronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance 8437.55
## INDCommercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance 8691.81
## INDPersonal and household goods repair and maintenance 8757.24
## INDBarber shops 25242.71
## INDBeauty salons 7768.92
## INDNail salons and other personal care services 7230.02
## INDDrycleaning and laundry services 7632.47
## INDFuneral homes, and cemeteries and crematories 15181.22
## INDOther personal services 7064.28
## INDReligious organizations 6364.94
## INDCivic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services 6349.23
## INDLabor unions 14501.93
## INDBusiness, professional, political, and similar organizations 8783.65
## INDPrivate households 6257.56
## INDExecutive offices and legislative bodies 6100.59
## INDPublic finance activities 8154.69
## INDOther general government and support 8165.13
## INDJustice, public order, and safety activities 6073.46
## INDAdministration of human resource programs 5947.78
## INDAdministration of environmental quality and housing programs 7471.96
## INDAdministration of economic programs and space research 6230.25
## INDNational security and international affairs 6042.42
## INDU. S. Army 7700.25
## INDU. S. Air Force 8275.46
## INDU. S. Navy 8565.07
## INDU. S. Marines 14985.25
## INDU. S. Coast Guard 26605.39
## INDArmed Forces, Branch not specified 11745.12
## INDMilitary Reserves or National Guard 19921.65
## INDUnemployed, last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked NA
## t value
## (Intercept) 8.427
## AGE 1.015
## CITIZEN2 5.177
## CITIZEN3 -4.186
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified -0.745
## EDUCDBachelor's degree 7.960
## EDUCDMaster's degree 20.829
## EDUCDDoctoral degree 41.171
## OCCComputer systems analysts -1.900
## OCCInformation security analysts 2.343
## OCCComputer programmers -2.535
## OCCSoftware developers 2.800
## OCCSoftware quality assurance analysts and testers -4.358
## OCCWeb developers -4.546
## OCCWeb and digital interface designers -5.211
## OCCComputer support specialists -3.564
## OCCDatabase administrators and architects -1.017
## OCCNetwork and computer systems administrators -2.734
## OCCComputer network architects -0.406
## OCCComputer occupations, all other -2.368
## OCCActuaries 2.542
## OCCOperations research analysts -1.129
## OCCOther mathematical science occupations -0.833
## OCCArchitects, except landscape and naval -1.775
## OCCLandscape architects -2.194
## OCCSurveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists -2.210
## OCCAerospace engineers -0.219
## OCCBioengineers and biomedical engineers -1.522
## OCCChemical engineers -0.972
## OCCCivil engineers -0.927
## OCCComputer hardware engineers 1.669
## OCCElectrical and electronics engineers -0.052
## OCCEnvironmental engineers -1.232
## OCCIndustrial engineers, including health and safety -3.163
## OCCMarine engineers and naval architects -0.812
## OCCMaterials engineers -2.561
## OCCMechanical engineers -1.842
## OCCPetroleum engineers 0.568
## OCCEngineers, all other -0.205
## OCCArchitectural and civil drafters -4.589
## OCCOther drafters -4.590
## OCCElectrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians -5.078
## OCCOther engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters -6.437
## OCCSurveying and mapping technicians -2.747
## OCCAgricultural and food scientists -4.658
## OCCBiological scientists -3.709
## OCCConservation scientists and foresters -2.251
## OCCMedical scientists -3.783
## OCCAstronomers and physicists -1.247
## OCCAtmospheric and space scientists -2.360
## OCCChemists and materials scientists -3.784
## OCCEnvironmental scientists and specialists, including health -2.635
## OCCGeoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers 0.791
## OCCPhysical scientists, all other -3.647
## OCCEconomists 3.890
## OCCClinical and counseling psychologists -2.501
## OCCSchool psychologists -3.762
## OCCOther psychologists -5.770
## OCCUrban and regional planners -2.480
## OCCMiscellaneous social scientists and related workers -3.219
## OCCAgricultural and food science technicians -3.783
## OCCBiological technicians -4.107
## OCCChemical technicians -5.097
## OCCEnvironmental science and geoscience technicians -3.988
## OCCOther life, physical, and social science technicians -6.827
## OCCOccupational health and safety specialists and technicians -3.447
## OCCSubstance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors -5.223
## OCCEducational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors -4.237
## OCCMarriage and family therapists -5.126
## OCCMental health counselors -6.189
## OCCRehabilitation counselors -2.402
## OCCCounselors, all other -6.301
## OCCChild, family, and school social workers -2.528
## OCCHealthcare social workers -4.113
## OCCMental health and substance abuse social workers -2.536
## OCCSocial workers, all other -5.584
## OCCProbation officers and correctional treatment specialists -3.485
## OCCSocial and human service assistants -6.183
## OCCOther community and social service specialists -4.994
## OCCClergy -5.976
## OCCDirectors, religious activities and education -3.656
## OCCReligious workers, all other -5.188
## OCCLawyers 2.652
## OCCJudicial law clerks -3.632
## OCCParalegals and legal assistants -6.309
## OCCTitle examiners, abstractors, and searchers -3.193
## OCCLegal support workers, all other -2.753
## OCCPostsecondary teachers -3.972
## OCCPreschool and kindergarten teachers -6.673
## OCCElementary and middle school teachers -6.430
## OCCSecondary school teachers -5.452
## OCCSpecial education teachers -5.060
## OCCTutors -8.366
## OCCOther teachers and instructors -7.788
## OCCArchivists, curators, and museum technicians -4.302
## OCCLibrarians and media collections specialists -5.060
## OCCLibrary technicians -4.232
## OCCTeaching assistants -8.262
## OCCOther educational instruction and library workers -5.497
## OCCArtists and related workers -5.826
## OCCCommercial and industrial designers -2.593
## OCCFashion designers -4.288
## OCCFloral designers -4.036
## OCCGraphic designers -5.987
## OCCInterior designers -5.237
## OCCMerchandise displayers and window trimmers -3.694
## OCCOther designers -4.297
## OCCActors -7.001
## OCCProducers and directors -3.755
## OCCAthletes and sports competitors -3.858
## OCCCoaches and scouts -6.278
## OCCUmpires, referees, and other sports officials -5.198
## OCCDancers and choreographers -2.421
## OCCMusic directors and composers -3.245
## OCCMusicians and singers -7.026
## OCCDisc jockeys, except radio -2.483
## OCCEntertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other -5.348
## OCCBroadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys -1.415
## OCCNews analysts, reporters, and journalists -5.285
## OCCPublic relations specialists -2.641
## OCCEditors -6.621
## OCCTechnical writers -3.746
## OCCWriters and authors -6.733
## OCCInterpreters and translators -8.223
## OCCCourt reporters and simultaneous captioners -2.591
## OCCMedia and communication workers, all other -1.916
## OCCBroadcast, sound, and lighting technicians -5.807
## OCCPhotographers -7.937
## OCCTelevision, video, and film camera operators and editors -5.175
## OCCChiropractors -1.908
## OCCDentists -1.316
## OCCDietitians and nutritionists -4.496
## OCCOptometrists -1.727
## OCCPharmacists -1.797
## OCCOther physicians 6.667
## OCCSurgeons 9.141
## OCCPhysician assistants 1.702
## OCCPodiatrists 3.143
## OCCAudiologists -2.653
## OCCOccupational therapists -4.370
## OCCPhysical therapists -3.898
## OCCRadiation therapists -0.261
## OCCRecreational therapists -3.199
## OCCRespiratory therapists -3.172
## OCCSpeech-language pathologists -3.939
## OCCTherapists, all other -6.232
## OCCVeterinarians 0.089
## OCCRegistered nurses -3.142
## OCCNurse anesthetists 4.179
## OCCNurse practitioners -0.414
## OCCAcupuncturists -5.985
## OCCHealthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other -3.784
## OCCClinical laboratory technologists and technicians -5.327
## OCCDental hygienists -3.265
## OCCCardiovascular technologists and technicians 3.904
## OCCDiagnostic medical sonographers -0.784
## OCCRadiologic technologists and technicians -0.423
## OCCMagnetic resonance imaging technologists 7.774
## OCCNuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 1.790
## OCCEmergency medical technicians -5.460
## OCCParamedics -2.187
## OCCPharmacy technicians -6.998
## OCCPsychiatric technicians -5.865
## OCCSurgical technologists -4.429
## OCCVeterinary technologists and technicians -4.487
## OCCDietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians -5.108
## OCCLicensed practical and licensed vocational nurses -5.150
## OCCMedical records specialists -6.266
## OCCOpticians, dispensing -4.278
## OCCMiscellaneous health technologists and technicians -4.790
## OCCOther healthcare practitioners and technical occupations -3.379
## OCCHome health aides -7.520
## OCCPersonal care aides -7.907
## OCCNursing assistants -7.630
## OCCOrderlies and psychiatric aides -4.831
## OCCOccupational therapy assistants and aides -4.779
## OCCPhysical therapist assistants and aides -5.381
## OCCMassage therapists -6.549
## OCCDental assistants -6.298
## OCCMedical assistants -7.466
## OCCMedical transcriptionists -7.654
## OCCPharmacy aides -4.251
## OCCVeterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers -2.684
## OCCPhlebotomists -6.212
## OCCOther healthcare support workers -5.002
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of correctional officers -2.557
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of police and detectives -0.589
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 0.416
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of security workers -2.324
## OCCFirefighters -2.877
## OCCFire inspectors -0.517
## OCCBailiffs -3.061
## OCCCorrectional officers and jailers -4.383
## OCCDetectives and criminal investigators -2.789
## OCCParking enforcement workers -3.067
## OCCPolice officers -3.321
## OCCAnimal control workers -1.329
## OCCPrivate detectives and investigators -3.480
## OCCSecurity guards and gambling surveillance officers -6.581
## OCCCrossing guards and flaggers -4.297
## OCCTransportation security screeners -3.753
## OCCSchool bus monitors -4.277
## OCCOther protective service workers -5.638
## OCCChefs and head cooks -6.667
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers -6.423
## OCCCooks -8.054
## OCCFood preparation workers -8.300
## OCCBartenders -7.051
## OCCFast food and counter workers -8.175
## OCCWaiters and waitresses -8.349
## OCCFood servers, nonrestaurant -7.518
## OCCDining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers -7.373
## OCCDishwashers -6.353
## OCCHosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop -7.419
## OCCFood preparation and serving related workers, all other -3.263
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers -6.022
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers -3.350
## OCCJanitors and building cleaners -7.695
## OCCMaids and housekeeping cleaners -8.557
## OCCPest control workers -2.407
## OCCLandscaping and groundskeeping workers -6.146
## OCCTree trimmers and pruners -1.732
## OCCOther grounds maintenance workers -1.641
## OCCSupervisors of personal care and service workers -2.575
## OCCAnimal trainers -3.583
## OCCAnimal caretakers -5.778
## OCCGambling services workers -5.650
## OCCUshers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers -4.358
## OCCOther entertainment attendants and related workers -7.217
## OCCEmbalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants -1.088
## OCCMorticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers -1.354
## OCCBarbers -2.243
## OCCHairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists -6.386
## OCCManicurists and pedicurists -6.542
## OCCSkincare specialists -6.163
## OCCOther personal appearance workers -5.164
## OCCBaggage porters, bellhops, and concierges -6.555
## OCCTour and travel guides -6.055
## OCCChildcare workers -7.831
## OCCExercise trainers and group fitness instructors -8.320
## OCCRecreation workers -5.464
## OCCResidential advisors -5.142
## OCCPersonal care and service workers, all other -5.760
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of retail sales workers -4.953
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers -2.671
## OCCCashiers -8.790
## OCCCounter and rental clerks -4.277
## OCCParts salespersons -3.834
## OCCRetail salespersons -8.106
## OCCAdvertising sales agents -4.770
## OCCInsurance sales agents -6.281
## OCCSecurities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 5.263
## OCCTravel agents -6.047
## OCCSales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel -1.429
## OCCSales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing -3.515
## OCCModels, demonstrators, and product promoters -5.400
## OCCReal estate brokers and sales agents -6.783
## OCCSales engineers 2.331
## OCCTelemarketers -4.377
## OCCDoor-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers -4.553
## OCCSales and related workers, all other -3.896
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers -5.380
## OCCSwitchboard operators, including answering service -3.339
## OCCTelephone operators -2.274
## OCCCommunications equipment operators, all other -1.247
## OCCBill and account collectors -5.460
## OCCBilling and posting clerks -6.938
## OCCBookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks -7.527
## OCCPayroll and timekeeping clerks -5.408
## OCCProcurement clerks -3.803
## OCCTellers -9.202
## OCCFinancial clerks, all other -4.038
## OCCCourt, municipal, and license clerks -5.303
## OCCCredit authorizers, checkers, and clerks -3.922
## OCCCustomer service representatives -7.649
## OCCEligibility interviewers, government programs -4.768
## OCCFile clerks -6.447
## OCCHotel, motel, and resort desk clerks -6.574
## OCCInterviewers, except eligibility and loan -7.497
## OCCLibrary assistants, clerical -5.834
## OCCLoan interviewers and clerks -5.399
## OCCNew accounts clerks -3.010
## OCCOrder clerks -5.753
## OCCHuman resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping -4.315
## OCCReceptionists and information clerks -8.388
## OCCReservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks -5.990
## OCCInformation and record clerks, all other -6.120
## OCCCargo and freight agents -2.617
## OCCCouriers and messengers -8.223
## OCCPublic safety telecommunicators -3.195
## OCCDispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance -6.043
## OCCMeter readers, utilities -1.593
## OCCPostal service clerks -4.971
## OCCPostal service mail carriers -4.483
## OCCPostal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators -4.488
## OCCProduction, planning, and expediting clerks -5.592
## OCCShipping, receiving, and inventory clerks -7.732
## OCCWeighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping -5.341
## OCCExecutive secretaries and executive administrative assistants -4.488
## OCCLegal secretaries and administrative assistants -4.424
## OCCMedical secretaries and administrative assistants -5.039
## OCCSecretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive -7.575
## OCCData entry keyers -8.468
## OCCWord processors and typists -4.238
## OCCInsurance claims and policy processing clerks -5.609
## OCCMail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service -4.990
## OCCOffice clerks, general -8.231
## OCCOffice machine operators, except computer -5.212
## OCCProofreaders and copy markers -4.994
## OCCStatistical assistants -2.421
## OCCOffice and administrative support workers, all other -6.851
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers -0.220
## OCCAgricultural inspectors -1.282
## OCCGraders and sorters, agricultural products -3.862
## OCCMiscellaneous agricultural workers -5.764
## OCCFishing and hunting workers -2.103
## OCCForest and conservation workers -1.184
## OCCLogging workers -0.690
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers -3.936
## OCCBoilermakers -0.956
## OCCBrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons -3.423
## OCCCarpenters -6.559
## OCCCarpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers -3.580
## OCCCement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers -2.303
## OCCConstruction laborers -7.105
## OCCConstruction equipment operators -2.698
## OCCDrywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers -3.561
## OCCElectricians -4.673
## OCCGlaziers -2.779
## OCCInsulation workers -2.390
## OCCPainters and paperhangers -7.039
## OCCPipelayers -0.692
## OCCPlumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters -4.411
## OCCPlasterers and stucco masons -2.429
## OCCRoofers -3.811
## OCCSheet metal workers -3.197
## OCCStructural iron and steel workers -1.883
## OCCSolar photovoltaic installers -2.364
## OCCHelpers, construction trades -4.451
## OCCConstruction and building inspectors -2.849
## OCCElevator and escalator installers and repairers 1.078
## OCCFence erectors -1.817
## OCCHazardous materials removal workers -1.949
## OCCHighway maintenance workers -2.209
## OCCRail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators -0.892
## OCCMiscellaneous construction and related workers -2.507
## OCCDerrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas -3.416
## OCCEarth drillers, except oil and gas -1.170
## OCCExplosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 2.546
## OCCUnderground mining machine operators -1.252
## OCCOther extraction workers -2.719
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers -2.590
## OCCComputer, automated teller, and office machine repairers -5.907
## OCCRadio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers -6.039
## OCCAvionics technicians -2.235
## OCCElectric motor, power tool, and related repairers -2.158
## OCCElectrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility -1.594
## OCCAudiovisual equipment installers and repairers -3.298
## OCCSecurity and fire alarm systems installers -3.285
## OCCAircraft mechanics and service technicians -4.240
## OCCAutomotive body and related repairers -3.207
## OCCAutomotive glass installers and repairers -1.599
## OCCAutomotive service technicians and mechanics -5.694
## OCCBus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists -3.512
## OCCHeavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics -3.540
## OCCSmall engine mechanics -1.560
## OCCMiscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers -3.192
## OCCControl and valve installers and repairers -2.174
## OCCHeating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers -3.967
## OCCHome appliance repairers -4.509
## OCCIndustrial and refractory machinery mechanics -4.372
## OCCMaintenance and repair workers, general -5.653
## OCCMaintenance workers, machinery -1.510
## OCCMillwrights -1.818
## OCCElectrical power-line installers and repairers -1.051
## OCCTelecommunications line installers and repairers -3.457
## OCCPrecision instrument and equipment repairers -3.707
## OCCCoin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers -2.612
## OCCLocksmiths and safe repairers -1.594
## OCCRiggers -0.950
## OCCHelpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers -1.950
## OCCOther installation, maintenance, and repair workers -4.462
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of production and operating workers -4.682
## OCCElectrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers -8.477
## OCCEngine and other machine assemblers -1.541
## OCCStructural metal fabricators and fitters -1.714
## OCCOther assemblers and fabricators -8.724
## OCCBakers -7.128
## OCCButchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers -3.959
## OCCFood and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders -2.583
## OCCFood batchmakers -5.398
## OCCFood cooking machine operators and tenders -1.998
## OCCFood processing workers, all other -5.754
## OCCComputer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers -4.763
## OCCForming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -2.136
## OCCCutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -2.773
## OCCGrinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -3.477
## OCCOther machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -1.204
## OCCMachinists -5.271
## OCCMetal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters -1.721
## OCCMolders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic -3.540
## OCCTool and die makers -2.267
## OCCWelding, soldering, and brazing workers -6.102
## OCCOther metal workers and plastic workers -7.922
## OCCPrepress technicians and workers -4.281
## OCCPrinting press operators -5.024
## OCCPrint binding and finishing workers -2.605
## OCCLaundry and dry-cleaning workers -5.263
## OCCPressers, textile, garment, and related materials -2.556
## OCCSewing machine operators -6.238
## OCCShoe and leather workers -3.048
## OCCTailors, dressmakers, and sewers -5.959
## OCCTextile machine setters, operators, and tenders -2.665
## OCCUpholsterers -2.585
## OCCOther textile, apparel, and furnishings workers -2.028
## OCCCabinetmakers and bench carpenters -2.874
## OCCFurniture finishers -2.145
## OCCSawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood -1.024
## OCCWoodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing -2.137
## OCCOther woodworkers -3.648
## OCCPower plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers -0.568
## OCCStationary engineers and boiler operators -2.153
## OCCWater and wastewater treatment plant and system operators -2.947
## OCCMiscellaneous plant and system operators -2.214
## OCCChemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders -2.555
## OCCCrushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers -1.518
## OCCCutting workers -3.677
## OCCExtruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders -1.956
## OCCFurnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders -3.055
## OCCInspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers -7.158
## OCCJewelers and precious stone and metal workers -5.891
## OCCDental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians -6.625
## OCCPackaging and filling machine operators and tenders -7.213
## OCCPainting workers -4.498
## OCCPhotographic process workers and processing machine operators -2.578
## OCCAdhesive bonding machine operators and tenders -1.387
## OCCEtchers and engravers -1.929
## OCCMolders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic -3.166
## OCCPaper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders -2.657
## OCCTire builders -0.973
## OCCHelpers--production workers -5.433
## OCCOther production workers -7.989
## OCCSupervisors of transportation and material moving workers -4.479
## OCCAircraft pilots and flight engineers 4.362
## OCCAir traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists -2.613
## OCCFlight attendants -7.093
## OCCAmbulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians -1.734
## OCCBus drivers, school -7.349
## OCCBus drivers, transit and intercity -5.811
## OCCDriver/sales workers and truck drivers -7.656
## OCCShuttle drivers and chauffeurs -8.082
## OCCTaxi drivers -10.066
## OCCMotor vehicle operators, all other -7.794
## OCCLocomotive engineers and operators -1.963
## OCCRailroad conductors and yardmasters -2.887
## OCCOther rail transportation workers -0.811
## OCCSailors and marine oilers -3.052
## OCCShip and boat captains and operators -2.374
## OCCParking attendants -5.038
## OCCTransportation service attendants -4.105
## OCCTransportation inspectors -3.107
## OCCPassenger attendants -5.432
## OCCOther transportation workers -3.611
## OCCCrane and tower operators -0.274
## OCCConveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators -1.308
## OCCIndustrial truck and tractor operators -5.892
## OCCCleaners of vehicles and equipment -7.099
## OCCLaborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand -8.424
## OCCMachine feeders and offbearers -3.861
## OCCPackers and packagers, hand -8.815
## OCCStockers and order fillers -7.982
## OCCPumping station operators -0.920
## OCCRefuse and recyclable material collectors -4.263
## OCCOther material moving workers -4.238
## OCCMilitary officer special and tactical operations leaders 0.279
## OCCFirst-line enlisted military supervisors -1.477
## OCCMilitary enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crew members -3.899
## OCCMilitary, rank not Specified -3.466
## OCCUnemployed, with no work experience in the last 5 years or earlier or never worked -9.003
## INDAnimal production and aquaculture 0.027
## INDForestry except logging -0.749
## INDLogging -0.325
## INDFishing, hunting and trapping -0.326
## INDSupport activities for agriculture and forestry -0.604
## INDOil and gas extraction 4.015
## INDCoal mining -1.561
## INDMetal ore mining 0.907
## INDNonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying -0.104
## INDSupport activities for mining 5.057
## INDElectric power generation, transmission and distribution 3.278
## INDNatural gas distribution 1.849
## INDElectric and gas, and other combinations 4.263
## INDWater, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems 1.632
## INDSewage treatment facilities 0.643
## INDNot specified utilities 0.144
## INDConstruction (the cleaning of buildings and dwellings is incidental during construction and immediately after construction) 0.268
## INDAnimal food, grain and oilseed milling 1.998
## INDSugar and confectionery products 1.231
## INDFruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing 1.275
## INDDairy product manufacturing 2.279
## INDAnimal slaughtering and processing 1.066
## INDRetail bakeries -0.201
## INDBakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries 1.993
## INDSeafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c. 1.497
## INDNot specified food industries 0.848
## INDBeverage manufacturing 1.539
## INDTobacco manufacturing -0.260
## INDFiber, yarn, and thread mills -0.166
## INDFabric mills, except knitting mills 0.329
## INDTextile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills 0.792
## INDCarpet and rug mills 0.130
## INDTextile product mills, except carpet and rug -0.613
## INDKnitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills -0.573
## INDCut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing -0.181
## INDFootwear manufacturing 0.905
## INDLeather and hide tanning and finishing, and other leather and allied product manufacturing 0.082
## INDPulp, paper, and paperboard mills 3.218
## INDPaperboard container manufacturing 1.320
## INDMiscellaneous paper and pulp products 0.706
## INDPrinting and related support activities 0.033
## INDPetroleum refining 5.268
## INDMiscellaneous petroleum and coal products 1.916
## INDResin, synthetic rubber, and fibers and filaments manufacturing 1.893
## INDAgricultural chemical manufacturing 0.485
## INDPharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 7.843
## INDPaint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 0.682
## INDSoap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing 1.875
## INDIndustrial and miscellaneous chemicals 2.559
## INDPlastics product manufacturing 1.704
## INDTire manufacturing 0.026
## INDRubber products, except tires, manufacturing 0.253
## INDPottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing -0.414
## INDClay building material and refractories manufacturing 1.577
## INDGlass and glass product manufacturing 0.635
## INDCement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing 2.451
## INDMiscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 1.146
## INDIron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing 1.959
## INDAluminum production and processing 0.454
## INDNonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing 1.947
## INDFoundries 0.419
## INDMetal forgings and stampings 3.201
## INDCutlery and hand tool manufacturing -0.145
## INDStructural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 1.401
## INDMachine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 0.783
## INDCoating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 1.509
## INDOrdnance 0.340
## INDMiscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing 1.452
## INDNot specified metal industries 0.754
## INDAgricultural implement manufacturing 1.010
## INDConstruction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing 1.757
## INDCommercial and service industry machinery manufacturing 4.591
## INDMetalworking machinery manufacturing 1.178
## INDEngine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing 0.397
## INDMachinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified 2.162
## INDComputer and peripheral equipment manufacturing 10.851
## INDCommunications, audio, and video equipment manufacturing 4.787
## INDNavigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 1.807
## INDElectronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c. 8.907
## INDHousehold appliance manufacturing 1.412
## INDElectric lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c. 2.479
## INDMotor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing 3.686
## INDAircraft and parts manufacturing 2.062
## INDAerospace products and parts manufacturing 2.713
## INDRailroad rolling stock manufacturing 0.669
## INDShip and boat building 0.783
## INDOther transportation equipment manufacturing 0.916
## INDSawmills and wood preservation 0.171
## INDVeneer, plywood, and engineered wood products -0.008
## INDPrefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes manufacturing -0.715
## INDMiscellaneous wood products 1.203
## INDFurniture and related product manufacturing 0.004
## INDMedical equipment and supplies manufacturing 3.769
## INDSporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing 0.414
## INDMiscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c. 1.096
## INDNot specified manufacturing industries 1.729
## INDMotor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers 0.684
## INDFurniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers 0.112
## INDLumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers 2.305
## INDProfessional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 4.359
## INDMetals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers 1.402
## INDHousehold appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers 2.117
## INDHardware, and plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 0.149
## INDMachinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 1.734
## INDRecyclable material merchant wholesalers -0.440
## INDMiscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers -0.878
## INDPaper and paper products merchant wholesalers 0.947
## INDDrugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers 2.996
## INDApparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers -0.505
## INDGrocery and related product merchant wholesalers 1.213
## INDFarm product raw material merchant wholesalers -0.031
## INDPetroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 1.581
## INDAlcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers 0.499
## INDFarm supplies merchant wholesalers 0.741
## INDMiscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers -0.302
## INDWholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers 0.632
## INDNot specified wholesale trade -0.708
## INDAutomobile dealers 3.330
## INDOther motor vehicle dealers -0.142
## INDAutomotive parts, accessories, and tire stores 0.268
## INDFurniture and home furnishings stores 0.399
## INDHousehold appliance stores 1.243
## INDElectronics Stores 3.960
## INDBuilding material and supplies dealers 0.781
## INDHardware stores -0.292
## INDLawn and garden equipment and supplies stores 0.145
## INDSupermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores 0.371
## INDConvenience Stores -1.079
## INDSpecialty food stores -0.938
## INDBeer, wine, and liquor stores -0.305
## INDPharmacies and drug stores 0.350
## INDHealth and personal care, except drug, stores -0.163
## INDGasoline stations -0.593
## INDClothing stores -1.015
## INDShoe stores 0.067
## INDJewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores 0.148
## INDSporting goods, and hobby and toy stores -0.134
## INDSewing, needlework, and piece goods stores -1.518
## INDMusical instrument and supplies stores 0.075
## INDBook stores and news dealers -0.143
## INDDepartment stores -1.073
## INDGeneral merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters 0.014
## INDFlorists -1.059
## INDOffice supplies and stationery stores -0.144
## INDUsed merchandise stores -1.681
## INDGift, novelty, and souvenir shops -1.405
## INDMiscellaneous retail stores -1.247
## INDElectronic shopping and mail-order houses 4.580
## INDVending machine operators -0.592
## INDFuel dealers 0.351
## INDOther direct selling establishments -1.709
## INDNot specified retail trade -0.831
## INDAir transportation 2.491
## INDRail transportation 3.531
## INDWater transportation 0.142
## INDTruck transportation 1.492
## INDBus service and urban transit 2.446
## INDTaxi and limousine service 2.837
## INDPipeline transportation 3.632
## INDScenic and sightseeing transportation -1.290
## INDServices incidental to transportation 1.125
## INDPostal Service 1.831
## INDCouriers and messengers 0.682
## INDWarehousing and storage 1.084
## INDNewspaper publishers 0.231
## INDPeriodical, book, and directory publishers 3.161
## INDSoftware publishers 7.095
## INDMotion pictures and video industries 1.783
## INDSound recording industries 0.051
## INDBroadcasting (except internet) 4.569
## INDInternet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 24.002
## INDWired telecommunications carriers 1.879
## INDTelecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers 4.040
## INDData processing, hosting, and related services 11.099
## INDLibraries and archives -1.103
## INDOther information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 3.297
## INDBanking and related activities 3.583
## INDSavings institutions, including credit unions 1.021
## INDNondepository credit and related activities 5.541
## INDSecurities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments 8.600
## INDInsurance carriers 2.828
## INDAgencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities 2.901
## INDLessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers 0.902
## INDReal estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other activities related to real estate 1.205
## INDAutomotive equipment rental and leasing -0.247
## INDOther consumer goods rental 0.989
## INDCommercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing 3.345
## INDLegal services 1.112
## INDAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 0.703
## INDArchitectural, engineering, and related services 0.834
## INDSpecialized design services -1.469
## INDComputer systems design and related services 5.032
## INDManagement, scientific, and technical consulting services 0.397
## INDScientific research and development services 2.833
## INDAdvertising, public relations, and related services 2.277
## INDVeterinary services -0.362
## INDOther professional, scientific, and technical services -0.472
## INDManagement of companies and enterprises 2.054
## INDEmployment services -0.630
## INDBusiness support services -0.691
## INDTravel arrangements and reservation services -0.441
## INDInvestigation and security services -0.167
## INDServices to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and immediately after construction) -0.955
## INDLandscaping services -1.621
## INDOther administrative and other support services 0.485
## INDWaste management and remediation services 2.091
## INDElementary and secondary schools 0.035
## INDColleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges -1.586
## INDBusiness, technical, and trade schools and training -2.496
## INDOther schools and instruction, and educational support services -2.097
## INDOffices of physicians 1.287
## INDOffices of dentists -0.416
## INDOffices of chiropractors -1.527
## INDOffices of optometrists -0.947
## INDOffices of other health practitioners -2.434
## INDOutpatient care centers -0.005
## INDHome health care services -0.670
## INDOther health care services 0.291
## INDGeneral medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals 1.915
## INDPsychiatric and substance abuse hospitals 1.147
## INDNursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) 0.255
## INDResidential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities 0.351
## INDIndividual and family services -0.645
## INDCommunity food and housing, and emergency services -1.583
## INDVocational rehabilitation services -0.601
## INDChild day care services -1.516
## INDPerforming arts companies -2.320
## INDSpectator sports 1.629
## INDPromoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers for artists, athletes, entertainers, and other public figures 0.269
## INDIndependent artists, writers, and performers -2.207
## INDMuseums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions 0.336
## INDBowling centers -0.783
## INDOther amusement, gambling, and recreation industries -0.409
## INDTraveler accommodation -0.074
## INDRecreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps -1.774
## INDRestaurants and other food services -0.200
## INDDrinking places, alcoholic beverages -0.090
## INDAutomotive repair and maintenance -0.582
## INDCar washes 0.427
## INDElectronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance -1.578
## INDCommercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance 1.019
## INDPersonal and household goods repair and maintenance -0.924
## INDBarber shops -0.306
## INDBeauty salons -1.180
## INDNail salons and other personal care services -1.614
## INDDrycleaning and laundry services -2.222
## INDFuneral homes, and cemeteries and crematories 0.016
## INDOther personal services -1.541
## INDReligious organizations -1.784
## INDCivic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services -1.025
## INDLabor unions 0.315
## INDBusiness, professional, political, and similar organizations 0.839
## INDPrivate households -1.135
## INDExecutive offices and legislative bodies 1.673
## INDPublic finance activities 0.745
## INDOther general government and support -1.595
## INDJustice, public order, and safety activities 2.454
## INDAdministration of human resource programs 0.695
## INDAdministration of environmental quality and housing programs 0.799
## INDAdministration of economic programs and space research 0.321
## INDNational security and international affairs 2.583
## INDU. S. Army -0.357
## INDU. S. Air Force -0.493
## INDU. S. Navy 0.859
## INDU. S. Marines -0.605
## INDU. S. Coast Guard -1.027
## INDArmed Forces, Branch not specified 2.121
## INDMilitary Reserves or National Guard -0.852
## INDUnemployed, last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked NA
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) < 2e-16
## AGE 0.310046
## CITIZEN2 2.25e-07
## CITIZEN3 2.84e-05
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified 0.456116
## EDUCDBachelor's degree 1.74e-15
## EDUCDMaster's degree < 2e-16
## EDUCDDoctoral degree < 2e-16
## OCCComputer systems analysts 0.057462
## OCCInformation security analysts 0.019137
## OCCComputer programmers 0.011248
## OCCSoftware developers 0.005118
## OCCSoftware quality assurance analysts and testers 1.31e-05
## OCCWeb developers 5.46e-06
## OCCWeb and digital interface designers 1.88e-07
## OCCComputer support specialists 0.000365
## OCCDatabase administrators and architects 0.309045
## OCCNetwork and computer systems administrators 0.006252
## OCCComputer network architects 0.684813
## OCCComputer occupations, all other 0.017888
## OCCActuaries 0.011026
## OCCOperations research analysts 0.259021
## OCCOther mathematical science occupations 0.404904
## OCCArchitects, except landscape and naval 0.075971
## OCCLandscape architects 0.028244
## OCCSurveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 0.027141
## OCCAerospace engineers 0.826766
## OCCBioengineers and biomedical engineers 0.127894
## OCCChemical engineers 0.331058
## OCCCivil engineers 0.353903
## OCCComputer hardware engineers 0.095038
## OCCElectrical and electronics engineers 0.958925
## OCCEnvironmental engineers 0.217988
## OCCIndustrial engineers, including health and safety 0.001564
## OCCMarine engineers and naval architects 0.416829
## OCCMaterials engineers 0.010426
## OCCMechanical engineers 0.065459
## OCCPetroleum engineers 0.570031
## OCCEngineers, all other 0.837423
## OCCArchitectural and civil drafters 4.46e-06
## OCCOther drafters 4.44e-06
## OCCElectrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians 3.81e-07
## OCCOther engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters 1.22e-10
## OCCSurveying and mapping technicians 0.006010
## OCCAgricultural and food scientists 3.20e-06
## OCCBiological scientists 0.000208
## OCCConservation scientists and foresters 0.024370
## OCCMedical scientists 0.000155
## OCCAstronomers and physicists 0.212288
## OCCAtmospheric and space scientists 0.018259
## OCCChemists and materials scientists 0.000154
## OCCEnvironmental scientists and specialists, including health 0.008418
## OCCGeoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers 0.429199
## OCCPhysical scientists, all other 0.000265
## OCCEconomists 0.000100
## OCCClinical and counseling psychologists 0.012380
## OCCSchool psychologists 0.000168
## OCCOther psychologists 7.97e-09
## OCCUrban and regional planners 0.013126
## OCCMiscellaneous social scientists and related workers 0.001287
## OCCAgricultural and food science technicians 0.000155
## OCCBiological technicians 4.02e-05
## OCCChemical technicians 3.46e-07
## OCCEnvironmental science and geoscience technicians 6.66e-05
## OCCOther life, physical, and social science technicians 8.74e-12
## OCCOccupational health and safety specialists and technicians 0.000568
## OCCSubstance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 1.76e-07
## OCCEducational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors 2.27e-05
## OCCMarriage and family therapists 2.97e-07
## OCCMental health counselors 6.09e-10
## OCCRehabilitation counselors 0.016319
## OCCCounselors, all other 2.97e-10
## OCCChild, family, and school social workers 0.011466
## OCCHealthcare social workers 3.91e-05
## OCCMental health and substance abuse social workers 0.011204
## OCCSocial workers, all other 2.35e-08
## OCCProbation officers and correctional treatment specialists 0.000493
## OCCSocial and human service assistants 6.31e-10
## OCCOther community and social service specialists 5.94e-07
## OCCClergy 2.30e-09
## OCCDirectors, religious activities and education 0.000256
## OCCReligious workers, all other 2.13e-07
## OCCLawyers 0.008014
## OCCJudicial law clerks 0.000281
## OCCParalegals and legal assistants 2.81e-10
## OCCTitle examiners, abstractors, and searchers 0.001407
## OCCLegal support workers, all other 0.005905
## OCCPostsecondary teachers 7.13e-05
## OCCPreschool and kindergarten teachers 2.52e-11
## OCCElementary and middle school teachers 1.28e-10
## OCCSecondary school teachers 5.00e-08
## OCCSpecial education teachers 4.20e-07
## OCCTutors < 2e-16
## OCCOther teachers and instructors 6.87e-15
## OCCArchivists, curators, and museum technicians 1.69e-05
## OCCLibrarians and media collections specialists 4.20e-07
## OCCLibrary technicians 2.32e-05
## OCCTeaching assistants < 2e-16
## OCCOther educational instruction and library workers 3.88e-08
## OCCArtists and related workers 5.69e-09
## OCCCommercial and industrial designers 0.009529
## OCCFashion designers 1.80e-05
## OCCFloral designers 5.43e-05
## OCCGraphic designers 2.14e-09
## OCCInterior designers 1.63e-07
## OCCMerchandise displayers and window trimmers 0.000221
## OCCOther designers 1.73e-05
## OCCActors 2.56e-12
## OCCProducers and directors 0.000174
## OCCAthletes and sports competitors 0.000115
## OCCCoaches and scouts 3.44e-10
## OCCUmpires, referees, and other sports officials 2.02e-07
## OCCDancers and choreographers 0.015487
## OCCMusic directors and composers 0.001176
## OCCMusicians and singers 2.14e-12
## OCCDisc jockeys, except radio 0.013040
## OCCEntertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 8.90e-08
## OCCBroadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys 0.157144
## OCCNews analysts, reporters, and journalists 1.26e-07
## OCCPublic relations specialists 0.008259
## OCCEditors 3.57e-11
## OCCTechnical writers 0.000180
## OCCWriters and authors 1.67e-11
## OCCInterpreters and translators < 2e-16
## OCCCourt reporters and simultaneous captioners 0.009577
## OCCMedia and communication workers, all other 0.055391
## OCCBroadcast, sound, and lighting technicians 6.39e-09
## OCCPhotographers 2.09e-15
## OCCTelevision, video, and film camera operators and editors 2.28e-07
## OCCChiropractors 0.056421
## OCCDentists 0.188261
## OCCDietitians and nutritionists 6.94e-06
## OCCOptometrists 0.084258
## OCCPharmacists 0.072316
## OCCOther physicians 2.62e-11
## OCCSurgeons < 2e-16
## OCCPhysician assistants 0.088727
## OCCPodiatrists 0.001673
## OCCAudiologists 0.007988
## OCCOccupational therapists 1.25e-05
## OCCPhysical therapists 9.71e-05
## OCCRadiation therapists 0.793889
## OCCRecreational therapists 0.001379
## OCCRespiratory therapists 0.001514
## OCCSpeech-language pathologists 8.18e-05
## OCCTherapists, all other 4.62e-10
## OCCVeterinarians 0.929099
## OCCRegistered nurses 0.001676
## OCCNurse anesthetists 2.93e-05
## OCCNurse practitioners 0.678606
## OCCAcupuncturists 2.17e-09
## OCCHealthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other 0.000155
## OCCClinical laboratory technologists and technicians 1.00e-07
## OCCDental hygienists 0.001095
## OCCCardiovascular technologists and technicians 9.48e-05
## OCCDiagnostic medical sonographers 0.433002
## OCCRadiologic technologists and technicians 0.672504
## OCCMagnetic resonance imaging technologists 7.68e-15
## OCCNuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 0.073500
## OCCEmergency medical technicians 4.78e-08
## OCCParamedics 0.028773
## OCCPharmacy technicians 2.61e-12
## OCCPsychiatric technicians 4.52e-09
## OCCSurgical technologists 9.46e-06
## OCCVeterinary technologists and technicians 7.25e-06
## OCCDietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians 3.26e-07
## OCCLicensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 2.61e-07
## OCCMedical records specialists 3.73e-10
## OCCOpticians, dispensing 1.89e-05
## OCCMiscellaneous health technologists and technicians 1.67e-06
## OCCOther healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 0.000727
## OCCHome health aides 5.53e-14
## OCCPersonal care aides 2.66e-15
## OCCNursing assistants 2.37e-14
## OCCOrderlies and psychiatric aides 1.36e-06
## OCCOccupational therapy assistants and aides 1.77e-06
## OCCPhysical therapist assistants and aides 7.44e-08
## OCCMassage therapists 5.80e-11
## OCCDental assistants 3.03e-10
## OCCMedical assistants 8.30e-14
## OCCMedical transcriptionists 1.96e-14
## OCCPharmacy aides 2.13e-05
## OCCVeterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 0.007282
## OCCPhlebotomists 5.24e-10
## OCCOther healthcare support workers 5.70e-07
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of correctional officers 0.010564
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of police and detectives 0.555961
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 0.677416
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of security workers 0.020104
## OCCFirefighters 0.004020
## OCCFire inspectors 0.605035
## OCCBailiffs 0.002207
## OCCCorrectional officers and jailers 1.17e-05
## OCCDetectives and criminal investigators 0.005281
## OCCParking enforcement workers 0.002161
## OCCPolice officers 0.000898
## OCCAnimal control workers 0.183858
## OCCPrivate detectives and investigators 0.000501
## OCCSecurity guards and gambling surveillance officers 4.69e-11
## OCCCrossing guards and flaggers 1.73e-05
## OCCTransportation security screeners 0.000175
## OCCSchool bus monitors 1.89e-05
## OCCOther protective service workers 1.73e-08
## OCCChefs and head cooks 2.62e-11
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 1.35e-10
## OCCCooks 8.12e-16
## OCCFood preparation workers < 2e-16
## OCCBartenders 1.78e-12
## OCCFast food and counter workers 2.99e-16
## OCCWaiters and waitresses < 2e-16
## OCCFood servers, nonrestaurant 5.60e-14
## OCCDining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 1.68e-13
## OCCDishwashers 2.12e-10
## OCCHosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 1.19e-13
## OCCFood preparation and serving related workers, all other 0.001102
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers 1.73e-09
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 0.000807
## OCCJanitors and building cleaners 1.43e-14
## OCCMaids and housekeeping cleaners < 2e-16
## OCCPest control workers 0.016086
## OCCLandscaping and groundskeeping workers 7.98e-10
## OCCTree trimmers and pruners 0.083272
## OCCOther grounds maintenance workers 0.100877
## OCCSupervisors of personal care and service workers 0.010019
## OCCAnimal trainers 0.000340
## OCCAnimal caretakers 7.60e-09
## OCCGambling services workers 1.61e-08
## OCCUshers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 1.31e-05
## OCCOther entertainment attendants and related workers 5.36e-13
## OCCEmbalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants 0.276398
## OCCMorticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers 0.175687
## OCCBarbers 0.024884
## OCCHairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 1.71e-10
## OCCManicurists and pedicurists 6.09e-11
## OCCSkincare specialists 7.15e-10
## OCCOther personal appearance workers 2.42e-07
## OCCBaggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 5.59e-11
## OCCTour and travel guides 1.41e-09
## OCCChildcare workers 4.88e-15
## OCCExercise trainers and group fitness instructors < 2e-16
## OCCRecreation workers 4.67e-08
## OCCResidential advisors 2.72e-07
## OCCPersonal care and service workers, all other 8.42e-09
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of retail sales workers 7.33e-07
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers 0.007571
## OCCCashiers < 2e-16
## OCCCounter and rental clerks 1.90e-05
## OCCParts salespersons 0.000126
## OCCRetail salespersons 5.27e-16
## OCCAdvertising sales agents 1.85e-06
## OCCInsurance sales agents 3.37e-10
## OCCSecurities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 1.42e-07
## OCCTravel agents 1.48e-09
## OCCSales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel 0.153113
## OCCSales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing 0.000441
## OCCModels, demonstrators, and product promoters 6.67e-08
## OCCReal estate brokers and sales agents 1.18e-11
## OCCSales engineers 0.019769
## OCCTelemarketers 1.21e-05
## OCCDoor-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 5.30e-06
## OCCSales and related workers, all other 9.78e-05
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 7.47e-08
## OCCSwitchboard operators, including answering service 0.000842
## OCCTelephone operators 0.022954
## OCCCommunications equipment operators, all other 0.212366
## OCCBill and account collectors 4.76e-08
## OCCBilling and posting clerks 3.99e-12
## OCCBookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 5.22e-14
## OCCPayroll and timekeeping clerks 6.38e-08
## OCCProcurement clerks 0.000143
## OCCTellers < 2e-16
## OCCFinancial clerks, all other 5.40e-05
## OCCCourt, municipal, and license clerks 1.14e-07
## OCCCredit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 8.80e-05
## OCCCustomer service representatives 2.04e-14
## OCCEligibility interviewers, government programs 1.87e-06
## OCCFile clerks 1.15e-10
## OCCHotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 4.94e-11
## OCCInterviewers, except eligibility and loan 6.60e-14
## OCCLibrary assistants, clerical 5.42e-09
## OCCLoan interviewers and clerks 6.73e-08
## OCCNew accounts clerks 0.002614
## OCCOrder clerks 8.81e-09
## OCCHuman resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 1.60e-05
## OCCReceptionists and information clerks < 2e-16
## OCCReservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 2.10e-09
## OCCInformation and record clerks, all other 9.37e-10
## OCCCargo and freight agents 0.008877
## OCCCouriers and messengers < 2e-16
## OCCPublic safety telecommunicators 0.001399
## OCCDispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 1.52e-09
## OCCMeter readers, utilities 0.111213
## OCCPostal service clerks 6.69e-07
## OCCPostal service mail carriers 7.36e-06
## OCCPostal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 7.21e-06
## OCCProduction, planning, and expediting clerks 2.25e-08
## OCCShipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 1.06e-14
## OCCWeighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 9.27e-08
## OCCExecutive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 7.20e-06
## OCCLegal secretaries and administrative assistants 9.68e-06
## OCCMedical secretaries and administrative assistants 4.68e-07
## OCCSecretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive 3.63e-14
## OCCData entry keyers < 2e-16
## OCCWord processors and typists 2.25e-05
## OCCInsurance claims and policy processing clerks 2.04e-08
## OCCMail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 6.06e-07
## OCCOffice clerks, general < 2e-16
## OCCOffice machine operators, except computer 1.87e-07
## OCCProofreaders and copy markers 5.92e-07
## OCCStatistical assistants 0.015470
## OCCOffice and administrative support workers, all other 7.38e-12
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 0.825685
## OCCAgricultural inspectors 0.200006
## OCCGraders and sorters, agricultural products 0.000113
## OCCMiscellaneous agricultural workers 8.23e-09
## OCCFishing and hunting workers 0.035448
## OCCForest and conservation workers 0.236419
## OCCLogging workers 0.490506
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers 8.27e-05
## OCCBoilermakers 0.339196
## OCCBrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons 0.000620
## OCCCarpenters 5.43e-11
## OCCCarpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 0.000344
## OCCCement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers 0.021282
## OCCConstruction laborers 1.21e-12
## OCCConstruction equipment operators 0.006972
## OCCDrywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers 0.000370
## OCCElectricians 2.97e-06
## OCCGlaziers 0.005445
## OCCInsulation workers 0.016869
## OCCPainters and paperhangers 1.95e-12
## OCCPipelayers 0.488902
## OCCPlumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 1.03e-05
## OCCPlasterers and stucco masons 0.015150
## OCCRoofers 0.000138
## OCCSheet metal workers 0.001389
## OCCStructural iron and steel workers 0.059717
## OCCSolar photovoltaic installers 0.018070
## OCCHelpers, construction trades 8.57e-06
## OCCConstruction and building inspectors 0.004387
## OCCElevator and escalator installers and repairers 0.281148
## OCCFence erectors 0.069257
## OCCHazardous materials removal workers 0.051280
## OCCHighway maintenance workers 0.027197
## OCCRail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 0.372308
## OCCMiscellaneous construction and related workers 0.012191
## OCCDerrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas 0.000635
## OCCEarth drillers, except oil and gas 0.242142
## OCCExplosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 0.010906
## OCCUnderground mining machine operators 0.210553
## OCCOther extraction workers 0.006556
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 0.009609
## OCCComputer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 3.50e-09
## OCCRadio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers 1.56e-09
## OCCAvionics technicians 0.025413
## OCCElectric motor, power tool, and related repairers 0.030906
## OCCElectrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility 0.110835
## OCCAudiovisual equipment installers and repairers 0.000973
## OCCSecurity and fire alarm systems installers 0.001020
## OCCAircraft mechanics and service technicians 2.24e-05
## OCCAutomotive body and related repairers 0.001343
## OCCAutomotive glass installers and repairers 0.109784
## OCCAutomotive service technicians and mechanics 1.24e-08
## OCCBus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 0.000446
## OCCHeavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics 0.000401
## OCCSmall engine mechanics 0.118747
## OCCMiscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 0.001414
## OCCControl and valve installers and repairers 0.029741
## OCCHeating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 7.28e-05
## OCCHome appliance repairers 6.51e-06
## OCCIndustrial and refractory machinery mechanics 1.23e-05
## OCCMaintenance and repair workers, general 1.58e-08
## OCCMaintenance workers, machinery 0.131169
## OCCMillwrights 0.069015
## OCCElectrical power-line installers and repairers 0.293282
## OCCTelecommunications line installers and repairers 0.000546
## OCCPrecision instrument and equipment repairers 0.000210
## OCCCoin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 0.008992
## OCCLocksmiths and safe repairers 0.110846
## OCCRiggers 0.342193
## OCCHelpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 0.051156
## OCCOther installation, maintenance, and repair workers 8.12e-06
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of production and operating workers 2.85e-06
## OCCElectrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers < 2e-16
## OCCEngine and other machine assemblers 0.123386
## OCCStructural metal fabricators and fitters 0.086451
## OCCOther assemblers and fabricators < 2e-16
## OCCBakers 1.02e-12
## OCCButchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers 7.55e-05
## OCCFood and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 0.009805
## OCCFood batchmakers 6.74e-08
## OCCFood cooking machine operators and tenders 0.045718
## OCCFood processing workers, all other 8.74e-09
## OCCComputer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers 1.91e-06
## OCCForming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.032658
## OCCCutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.005557
## OCCGrinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.000507
## OCCOther machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.228467
## OCCMachinists 1.36e-07
## OCCMetal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters 0.085242
## OCCMolders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 0.000401
## OCCTool and die makers 0.023389
## OCCWelding, soldering, and brazing workers 1.05e-09
## OCCOther metal workers and plastic workers 2.35e-15
## OCCPrepress technicians and workers 1.86e-05
## OCCPrinting press operators 5.06e-07
## OCCPrint binding and finishing workers 0.009183
## OCCLaundry and dry-cleaning workers 1.42e-07
## OCCPressers, textile, garment, and related materials 0.010587
## OCCSewing machine operators 4.44e-10
## OCCShoe and leather workers 0.002301
## OCCTailors, dressmakers, and sewers 2.55e-09
## OCCTextile machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.007706
## OCCUpholsterers 0.009749
## OCCOther textile, apparel, and furnishings workers 0.042527
## OCCCabinetmakers and bench carpenters 0.004050
## OCCFurniture finishers 0.031963
## OCCSawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 0.305666
## OCCWoodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 0.032574
## OCCOther woodworkers 0.000264
## OCCPower plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers 0.569869
## OCCStationary engineers and boiler operators 0.031351
## OCCWater and wastewater treatment plant and system operators 0.003208
## OCCMiscellaneous plant and system operators 0.026846
## OCCChemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.010621
## OCCCrushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers 0.129076
## OCCCutting workers 0.000236
## OCCExtruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.050415
## OCCFurnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 0.002254
## OCCInspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 8.22e-13
## OCCJewelers and precious stone and metal workers 3.84e-09
## OCCDental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians 3.48e-11
## OCCPackaging and filling machine operators and tenders 5.51e-13
## OCCPainting workers 6.88e-06
## OCCPhotographic process workers and processing machine operators 0.009946
## OCCAdhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 0.165314
## OCCEtchers and engravers 0.053767
## OCCMolders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 0.001547
## OCCPaper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 0.007878
## OCCTire builders 0.330562
## OCCHelpers--production workers 5.56e-08
## OCCOther production workers 1.37e-15
## OCCSupervisors of transportation and material moving workers 7.50e-06
## OCCAircraft pilots and flight engineers 1.29e-05
## OCCAir traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists 0.008969
## OCCFlight attendants 1.32e-12
## OCCAmbulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 0.082865
## OCCBus drivers, school 2.02e-13
## OCCBus drivers, transit and intercity 6.21e-09
## OCCDriver/sales workers and truck drivers 1.94e-14
## OCCShuttle drivers and chauffeurs 6.42e-16
## OCCTaxi drivers < 2e-16
## OCCMotor vehicle operators, all other 6.57e-15
## OCCLocomotive engineers and operators 0.049637
## OCCRailroad conductors and yardmasters 0.003894
## OCCOther rail transportation workers 0.417609
## OCCSailors and marine oilers 0.002273
## OCCShip and boat captains and operators 0.017589
## OCCParking attendants 4.72e-07
## OCCTransportation service attendants 4.05e-05
## OCCTransportation inspectors 0.001889
## OCCPassenger attendants 5.60e-08
## OCCOther transportation workers 0.000306
## OCCCrane and tower operators 0.784286
## OCCConveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators 0.191038
## OCCIndustrial truck and tractor operators 3.83e-09
## OCCCleaners of vehicles and equipment 1.26e-12
## OCCLaborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand < 2e-16
## OCCMachine feeders and offbearers 0.000113
## OCCPackers and packagers, hand < 2e-16
## OCCStockers and order fillers 1.45e-15
## OCCPumping station operators 0.357340
## OCCRefuse and recyclable material collectors 2.02e-05
## OCCOther material moving workers 2.26e-05
## OCCMilitary officer special and tactical operations leaders 0.780109
## OCCFirst-line enlisted military supervisors 0.139658
## OCCMilitary enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crew members 9.67e-05
## OCCMilitary, rank not Specified 0.000529
## OCCUnemployed, with no work experience in the last 5 years or earlier or never worked < 2e-16
## INDAnimal production and aquaculture 0.978236
## INDForestry except logging 0.453558
## INDLogging 0.745485
## INDFishing, hunting and trapping 0.744402
## INDSupport activities for agriculture and forestry 0.545880
## INDOil and gas extraction 5.94e-05
## INDCoal mining 0.118582
## INDMetal ore mining 0.364477
## INDNonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 0.917470
## INDSupport activities for mining 4.26e-07
## INDElectric power generation, transmission and distribution 0.001045
## INDNatural gas distribution 0.064469
## INDElectric and gas, and other combinations 2.02e-05
## INDWater, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems 0.102726
## INDSewage treatment facilities 0.520377
## INDNot specified utilities 0.885890
## INDConstruction (the cleaning of buildings and dwellings is incidental during construction and immediately after construction) 0.788916
## INDAnimal food, grain and oilseed milling 0.045711
## INDSugar and confectionery products 0.218432
## INDFruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing 0.202457
## INDDairy product manufacturing 0.022642
## INDAnimal slaughtering and processing 0.286213
## INDRetail bakeries 0.840990
## INDBakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries 0.046299
## INDSeafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c. 0.134420
## INDNot specified food industries 0.396219
## INDBeverage manufacturing 0.123803
## INDTobacco manufacturing 0.794864
## INDFiber, yarn, and thread mills 0.868509
## INDFabric mills, except knitting mills 0.741968
## INDTextile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills 0.428163
## INDCarpet and rug mills 0.896259
## INDTextile product mills, except carpet and rug 0.539912
## INDKnitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills 0.566829
## INDCut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing 0.856432
## INDFootwear manufacturing 0.365532
## INDLeather and hide tanning and finishing, and other leather and allied product manufacturing 0.934494
## INDPulp, paper, and paperboard mills 0.001290
## INDPaperboard container manufacturing 0.186728
## INDMiscellaneous paper and pulp products 0.480005
## INDPrinting and related support activities 0.973742
## INDPetroleum refining 1.38e-07
## INDMiscellaneous petroleum and coal products 0.055313
## INDResin, synthetic rubber, and fibers and filaments manufacturing 0.058381
## INDAgricultural chemical manufacturing 0.627925
## INDPharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 4.45e-15
## INDPaint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 0.495073
## INDSoap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing 0.060824
## INDIndustrial and miscellaneous chemicals 0.010511
## INDPlastics product manufacturing 0.088384
## INDTire manufacturing 0.979315
## INDRubber products, except tires, manufacturing 0.800404
## INDPottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing 0.679082
## INDClay building material and refractories manufacturing 0.114856
## INDGlass and glass product manufacturing 0.525666
## INDCement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing 0.014241
## INDMiscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 0.251746
## INDIron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing 0.050137
## INDAluminum production and processing 0.649999
## INDNonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing 0.051572
## INDFoundries 0.675515
## INDMetal forgings and stampings 0.001368
## INDCutlery and hand tool manufacturing 0.884600
## INDStructural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 0.161284
## INDMachine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing 0.433819
## INDCoating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 0.131361
## INDOrdnance 0.734198
## INDMiscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing 0.146511
## INDNot specified metal industries 0.450774
## INDAgricultural implement manufacturing 0.312531
## INDConstruction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing 0.079002
## INDCommercial and service industry machinery manufacturing 4.43e-06
## INDMetalworking machinery manufacturing 0.238676
## INDEngine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing 0.691057
## INDMachinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified 0.030651
## INDComputer and peripheral equipment manufacturing < 2e-16
## INDCommunications, audio, and video equipment manufacturing 1.69e-06
## INDNavigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 0.070728
## INDElectronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c. < 2e-16
## INDHousehold appliance manufacturing 0.157807
## INDElectric lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c. 0.013179
## INDMotor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing 0.000228
## INDAircraft and parts manufacturing 0.039257
## INDAerospace products and parts manufacturing 0.006672
## INDRailroad rolling stock manufacturing 0.503324
## INDShip and boat building 0.433386
## INDOther transportation equipment manufacturing 0.359562
## INDSawmills and wood preservation 0.864260
## INDVeneer, plywood, and engineered wood products 0.993311
## INDPrefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes manufacturing 0.474724
## INDMiscellaneous wood products 0.229154
## INDFurniture and related product manufacturing 0.997142
## INDMedical equipment and supplies manufacturing 0.000164
## INDSporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing 0.678682
## INDMiscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c. 0.272954
## INDNot specified manufacturing industries 0.083792
## INDMotor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers 0.493789
## INDFurniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers 0.910981
## INDLumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers 0.021189
## INDProfessional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 1.31e-05
## INDMetals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers 0.160838
## INDHousehold appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers 0.034250
## INDHardware, and plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 0.881671
## INDMachinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers 0.082975
## INDRecyclable material merchant wholesalers 0.660178
## INDMiscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers 0.380003
## INDPaper and paper products merchant wholesalers 0.343443
## INDDrugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers 0.002732
## INDApparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers 0.613428
## INDGrocery and related product merchant wholesalers 0.225176
## INDFarm product raw material merchant wholesalers 0.975216
## INDPetroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 0.113928
## INDAlcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers 0.617865
## INDFarm supplies merchant wholesalers 0.458705
## INDMiscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers 0.762663
## INDWholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers 0.527687
## INDNot specified wholesale trade 0.479017
## INDAutomobile dealers 0.000868
## INDOther motor vehicle dealers 0.886881
## INDAutomotive parts, accessories, and tire stores 0.789052
## INDFurniture and home furnishings stores 0.689743
## INDHousehold appliance stores 0.214047
## INDElectronics Stores 7.51e-05
## INDBuilding material and supplies dealers 0.434672
## INDHardware stores 0.770108
## INDLawn and garden equipment and supplies stores 0.884887
## INDSupermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores 0.710587
## INDConvenience Stores 0.280380
## INDSpecialty food stores 0.348120
## INDBeer, wine, and liquor stores 0.760638
## INDPharmacies and drug stores 0.726394
## INDHealth and personal care, except drug, stores 0.870231
## INDGasoline stations 0.553170
## INDClothing stores 0.310191
## INDShoe stores 0.946534
## INDJewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores 0.882410
## INDSporting goods, and hobby and toy stores 0.893754
## INDSewing, needlework, and piece goods stores 0.128990
## INDMusical instrument and supplies stores 0.940180
## INDBook stores and news dealers 0.886662
## INDDepartment stores 0.283355
## INDGeneral merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters 0.989117
## INDFlorists 0.289818
## INDOffice supplies and stationery stores 0.885208
## INDUsed merchandise stores 0.092859
## INDGift, novelty, and souvenir shops 0.160081
## INDMiscellaneous retail stores 0.212552
## INDElectronic shopping and mail-order houses 4.66e-06
## INDVending machine operators 0.553590
## INDFuel dealers 0.725539
## INDOther direct selling establishments 0.087376
## INDNot specified retail trade 0.406009
## INDAir transportation 0.012722
## INDRail transportation 0.000414
## INDWater transportation 0.887441
## INDTruck transportation 0.135739
## INDBus service and urban transit 0.014459
## INDTaxi and limousine service 0.004550
## INDPipeline transportation 0.000282
## INDScenic and sightseeing transportation 0.197192
## INDServices incidental to transportation 0.260524
## INDPostal Service 0.067091
## INDCouriers and messengers 0.495365
## INDWarehousing and storage 0.278530
## INDNewspaper publishers 0.817301
## INDPeriodical, book, and directory publishers 0.001574
## INDSoftware publishers 1.30e-12
## INDMotion pictures and video industries 0.074604
## INDSound recording industries 0.959058
## INDBroadcasting (except internet) 4.91e-06
## INDInternet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals < 2e-16
## INDWired telecommunications carriers 0.060297
## INDTelecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers 5.34e-05
## INDData processing, hosting, and related services < 2e-16
## INDLibraries and archives 0.270157
## INDOther information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 0.000978
## INDBanking and related activities 0.000340
## INDSavings institutions, including credit unions 0.307135
## INDNondepository credit and related activities 3.01e-08
## INDSecurities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments < 2e-16
## INDInsurance carriers 0.004678
## INDAgencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities 0.003722
## INDLessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers 0.366900
## INDReal estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other activities related to real estate 0.228238
## INDAutomotive equipment rental and leasing 0.804876
## INDOther consumer goods rental 0.322653
## INDCommercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing 0.000822
## INDLegal services 0.266241
## INDAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 0.481913
## INDArchitectural, engineering, and related services 0.404354
## INDSpecialized design services 0.141846
## INDComputer systems design and related services 4.86e-07
## INDManagement, scientific, and technical consulting services 0.691335
## INDScientific research and development services 0.004606
## INDAdvertising, public relations, and related services 0.022769
## INDVeterinary services 0.717508
## INDOther professional, scientific, and technical services 0.636790
## INDManagement of companies and enterprises 0.039952
## INDEmployment services 0.528866
## INDBusiness support services 0.489384
## INDTravel arrangements and reservation services 0.659151
## INDInvestigation and security services 0.867020
## INDServices to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and immediately after construction) 0.339533
## INDLandscaping services 0.105003
## INDOther administrative and other support services 0.627950
## INDWaste management and remediation services 0.036528
## INDElementary and secondary schools 0.971931
## INDColleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges 0.112757
## INDBusiness, technical, and trade schools and training 0.012546
## INDOther schools and instruction, and educational support services 0.036037
## INDOffices of physicians 0.198257
## INDOffices of dentists 0.677182
## INDOffices of chiropractors 0.126661
## INDOffices of optometrists 0.343575
## INDOffices of other health practitioners 0.014930
## INDOutpatient care centers 0.995628
## INDHome health care services 0.502952
## INDOther health care services 0.770710
## INDGeneral medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals 0.055549
## INDPsychiatric and substance abuse hospitals 0.251575
## INDNursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) 0.798366
## INDResidential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities 0.725519
## INDIndividual and family services 0.519152
## INDCommunity food and housing, and emergency services 0.113451
## INDVocational rehabilitation services 0.547905
## INDChild day care services 0.129637
## INDPerforming arts companies 0.020362
## INDSpectator sports 0.103218
## INDPromoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers for artists, athletes, entertainers, and other public figures 0.787733
## INDIndependent artists, writers, and performers 0.027292
## INDMuseums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions 0.736804
## INDBowling centers 0.433875
## INDOther amusement, gambling, and recreation industries 0.682485
## INDTraveler accommodation 0.941351
## INDRecreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps 0.076132
## INDRestaurants and other food services 0.841675
## INDDrinking places, alcoholic beverages 0.928572
## INDAutomotive repair and maintenance 0.560441
## INDCar washes 0.669621
## INDElectronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance 0.114648
## INDCommercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance 0.308128
## INDPersonal and household goods repair and maintenance 0.355514
## INDBarber shops 0.759552
## INDBeauty salons 0.238055
## INDNail salons and other personal care services 0.106637
## INDDrycleaning and laundry services 0.026265
## INDFuneral homes, and cemeteries and crematories 0.986893
## INDOther personal services 0.123242
## INDReligious organizations 0.074450
## INDCivic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services 0.305279
## INDLabor unions 0.752562
## INDBusiness, professional, political, and similar organizations 0.401253
## INDPrivate households 0.256398
## INDExecutive offices and legislative bodies 0.094358
## INDPublic finance activities 0.456304
## INDOther general government and support 0.110640
## INDJustice, public order, and safety activities 0.014129
## INDAdministration of human resource programs 0.486935
## INDAdministration of environmental quality and housing programs 0.424121
## INDAdministration of economic programs and space research 0.747976
## INDNational security and international affairs 0.009808
## INDU. S. Army 0.720878
## INDU. S. Air Force 0.622305
## INDU. S. Navy 0.390532
## INDU. S. Marines 0.545328
## INDU. S. Coast Guard 0.304561
## INDArmed Forces, Branch not specified 0.033947
## INDMilitary Reserves or National Guard 0.394313
## INDUnemployed, last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked NA
##
## (Intercept) ***
## AGE
## CITIZEN2 ***
## CITIZEN3 ***
## EDUCDAssociate's degree, type not specified
## EDUCDBachelor's degree ***
## EDUCDMaster's degree ***
## EDUCDDoctoral degree ***
## OCCComputer systems analysts .
## OCCInformation security analysts *
## OCCComputer programmers *
## OCCSoftware developers **
## OCCSoftware quality assurance analysts and testers ***
## OCCWeb developers ***
## OCCWeb and digital interface designers ***
## OCCComputer support specialists ***
## OCCDatabase administrators and architects
## OCCNetwork and computer systems administrators **
## OCCComputer network architects
## OCCComputer occupations, all other *
## OCCActuaries *
## OCCOperations research analysts
## OCCOther mathematical science occupations
## OCCArchitects, except landscape and naval .
## OCCLandscape architects *
## OCCSurveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists *
## OCCAerospace engineers
## OCCBioengineers and biomedical engineers
## OCCChemical engineers
## OCCCivil engineers
## OCCComputer hardware engineers .
## OCCElectrical and electronics engineers
## OCCEnvironmental engineers
## OCCIndustrial engineers, including health and safety **
## OCCMarine engineers and naval architects
## OCCMaterials engineers *
## OCCMechanical engineers .
## OCCPetroleum engineers
## OCCEngineers, all other
## OCCArchitectural and civil drafters ***
## OCCOther drafters ***
## OCCElectrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians ***
## OCCOther engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters ***
## OCCSurveying and mapping technicians **
## OCCAgricultural and food scientists ***
## OCCBiological scientists ***
## OCCConservation scientists and foresters *
## OCCMedical scientists ***
## OCCAstronomers and physicists
## OCCAtmospheric and space scientists *
## OCCChemists and materials scientists ***
## OCCEnvironmental scientists and specialists, including health **
## OCCGeoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers
## OCCPhysical scientists, all other ***
## OCCEconomists ***
## OCCClinical and counseling psychologists *
## OCCSchool psychologists ***
## OCCOther psychologists ***
## OCCUrban and regional planners *
## OCCMiscellaneous social scientists and related workers **
## OCCAgricultural and food science technicians ***
## OCCBiological technicians ***
## OCCChemical technicians ***
## OCCEnvironmental science and geoscience technicians ***
## OCCOther life, physical, and social science technicians ***
## OCCOccupational health and safety specialists and technicians ***
## OCCSubstance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors ***
## OCCEducational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors ***
## OCCMarriage and family therapists ***
## OCCMental health counselors ***
## OCCRehabilitation counselors *
## OCCCounselors, all other ***
## OCCChild, family, and school social workers *
## OCCHealthcare social workers ***
## OCCMental health and substance abuse social workers *
## OCCSocial workers, all other ***
## OCCProbation officers and correctional treatment specialists ***
## OCCSocial and human service assistants ***
## OCCOther community and social service specialists ***
## OCCClergy ***
## OCCDirectors, religious activities and education ***
## OCCReligious workers, all other ***
## OCCLawyers **
## OCCJudicial law clerks ***
## OCCParalegals and legal assistants ***
## OCCTitle examiners, abstractors, and searchers **
## OCCLegal support workers, all other **
## OCCPostsecondary teachers ***
## OCCPreschool and kindergarten teachers ***
## OCCElementary and middle school teachers ***
## OCCSecondary school teachers ***
## OCCSpecial education teachers ***
## OCCTutors ***
## OCCOther teachers and instructors ***
## OCCArchivists, curators, and museum technicians ***
## OCCLibrarians and media collections specialists ***
## OCCLibrary technicians ***
## OCCTeaching assistants ***
## OCCOther educational instruction and library workers ***
## OCCArtists and related workers ***
## OCCCommercial and industrial designers **
## OCCFashion designers ***
## OCCFloral designers ***
## OCCGraphic designers ***
## OCCInterior designers ***
## OCCMerchandise displayers and window trimmers ***
## OCCOther designers ***
## OCCActors ***
## OCCProducers and directors ***
## OCCAthletes and sports competitors ***
## OCCCoaches and scouts ***
## OCCUmpires, referees, and other sports officials ***
## OCCDancers and choreographers *
## OCCMusic directors and composers **
## OCCMusicians and singers ***
## OCCDisc jockeys, except radio *
## OCCEntertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other ***
## OCCBroadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys
## OCCNews analysts, reporters, and journalists ***
## OCCPublic relations specialists **
## OCCEditors ***
## OCCTechnical writers ***
## OCCWriters and authors ***
## OCCInterpreters and translators ***
## OCCCourt reporters and simultaneous captioners **
## OCCMedia and communication workers, all other .
## OCCBroadcast, sound, and lighting technicians ***
## OCCPhotographers ***
## OCCTelevision, video, and film camera operators and editors ***
## OCCChiropractors .
## OCCDentists
## OCCDietitians and nutritionists ***
## OCCOptometrists .
## OCCPharmacists .
## OCCOther physicians ***
## OCCSurgeons ***
## OCCPhysician assistants .
## OCCPodiatrists **
## OCCAudiologists **
## OCCOccupational therapists ***
## OCCPhysical therapists ***
## OCCRadiation therapists
## OCCRecreational therapists **
## OCCRespiratory therapists **
## OCCSpeech-language pathologists ***
## OCCTherapists, all other ***
## OCCVeterinarians
## OCCRegistered nurses **
## OCCNurse anesthetists ***
## OCCNurse practitioners
## OCCAcupuncturists ***
## OCCHealthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other ***
## OCCClinical laboratory technologists and technicians ***
## OCCDental hygienists **
## OCCCardiovascular technologists and technicians ***
## OCCDiagnostic medical sonographers
## OCCRadiologic technologists and technicians
## OCCMagnetic resonance imaging technologists ***
## OCCNuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists .
## OCCEmergency medical technicians ***
## OCCParamedics *
## OCCPharmacy technicians ***
## OCCPsychiatric technicians ***
## OCCSurgical technologists ***
## OCCVeterinary technologists and technicians ***
## OCCDietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians ***
## OCCLicensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ***
## OCCMedical records specialists ***
## OCCOpticians, dispensing ***
## OCCMiscellaneous health technologists and technicians ***
## OCCOther healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ***
## OCCHome health aides ***
## OCCPersonal care aides ***
## OCCNursing assistants ***
## OCCOrderlies and psychiatric aides ***
## OCCOccupational therapy assistants and aides ***
## OCCPhysical therapist assistants and aides ***
## OCCMassage therapists ***
## OCCDental assistants ***
## OCCMedical assistants ***
## OCCMedical transcriptionists ***
## OCCPharmacy aides ***
## OCCVeterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers **
## OCCPhlebotomists ***
## OCCOther healthcare support workers ***
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of correctional officers *
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of police and detectives
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of security workers *
## OCCFirefighters **
## OCCFire inspectors
## OCCBailiffs **
## OCCCorrectional officers and jailers ***
## OCCDetectives and criminal investigators **
## OCCParking enforcement workers **
## OCCPolice officers ***
## OCCAnimal control workers
## OCCPrivate detectives and investigators ***
## OCCSecurity guards and gambling surveillance officers ***
## OCCCrossing guards and flaggers ***
## OCCTransportation security screeners ***
## OCCSchool bus monitors ***
## OCCOther protective service workers ***
## OCCChefs and head cooks ***
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers ***
## OCCCooks ***
## OCCFood preparation workers ***
## OCCBartenders ***
## OCCFast food and counter workers ***
## OCCWaiters and waitresses ***
## OCCFood servers, nonrestaurant ***
## OCCDining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ***
## OCCDishwashers ***
## OCCHosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ***
## OCCFood preparation and serving related workers, all other **
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers ***
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers ***
## OCCJanitors and building cleaners ***
## OCCMaids and housekeeping cleaners ***
## OCCPest control workers *
## OCCLandscaping and groundskeeping workers ***
## OCCTree trimmers and pruners .
## OCCOther grounds maintenance workers
## OCCSupervisors of personal care and service workers *
## OCCAnimal trainers ***
## OCCAnimal caretakers ***
## OCCGambling services workers ***
## OCCUshers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ***
## OCCOther entertainment attendants and related workers ***
## OCCEmbalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants
## OCCMorticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers
## OCCBarbers *
## OCCHairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ***
## OCCManicurists and pedicurists ***
## OCCSkincare specialists ***
## OCCOther personal appearance workers ***
## OCCBaggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ***
## OCCTour and travel guides ***
## OCCChildcare workers ***
## OCCExercise trainers and group fitness instructors ***
## OCCRecreation workers ***
## OCCResidential advisors ***
## OCCPersonal care and service workers, all other ***
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of retail sales workers ***
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers **
## OCCCashiers ***
## OCCCounter and rental clerks ***
## OCCParts salespersons ***
## OCCRetail salespersons ***
## OCCAdvertising sales agents ***
## OCCInsurance sales agents ***
## OCCSecurities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ***
## OCCTravel agents ***
## OCCSales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel
## OCCSales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ***
## OCCModels, demonstrators, and product promoters ***
## OCCReal estate brokers and sales agents ***
## OCCSales engineers *
## OCCTelemarketers ***
## OCCDoor-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ***
## OCCSales and related workers, all other ***
## OCCFirst-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers ***
## OCCSwitchboard operators, including answering service ***
## OCCTelephone operators *
## OCCCommunications equipment operators, all other
## OCCBill and account collectors ***
## OCCBilling and posting clerks ***
## OCCBookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ***
## OCCPayroll and timekeeping clerks ***
## OCCProcurement clerks ***
## OCCTellers ***
## OCCFinancial clerks, all other ***
## OCCCourt, municipal, and license clerks ***
## OCCCredit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ***
## OCCCustomer service representatives ***
## OCCEligibility interviewers, government programs ***
## OCCFile clerks ***
## OCCHotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ***
## OCCInterviewers, except eligibility and loan ***
## OCCLibrary assistants, clerical ***
## OCCLoan interviewers and clerks ***
## OCCNew accounts clerks **
## OCCOrder clerks ***
## OCCHuman resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ***
## OCCReceptionists and information clerks ***
## OCCReservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks ***
## OCCInformation and record clerks, all other ***
## OCCCargo and freight agents **
## OCCCouriers and messengers ***
## OCCPublic safety telecommunicators **
## OCCDispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ***
## OCCMeter readers, utilities
## OCCPostal service clerks ***
## OCCPostal service mail carriers ***
## OCCPostal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ***
## OCCProduction, planning, and expediting clerks ***
## OCCShipping, receiving, and inventory clerks ***
## OCCWeighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ***
## OCCExecutive secretaries and executive administrative assistants ***
## OCCLegal secretaries and administrative assistants ***
## OCCMedical secretaries and administrative assistants ***
## OCCSecretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive ***
## OCCData entry keyers ***
## OCCWord processors and typists ***
## OCCInsurance claims and policy processing clerks ***
## OCCMail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service ***
## OCCOffice clerks, general ***
## OCCOffice machine operators, except computer ***
## OCCProofreaders and copy markers ***
## OCCStatistical assistants *
## OCCOffice and administrative support workers, all other ***
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
## OCCAgricultural inspectors
## OCCGraders and sorters, agricultural products ***
## OCCMiscellaneous agricultural workers ***
## OCCFishing and hunting workers *
## OCCForest and conservation workers
## OCCLogging workers
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers ***
## OCCBoilermakers
## OCCBrickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons ***
## OCCCarpenters ***
## OCCCarpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers ***
## OCCCement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers *
## OCCConstruction laborers ***
## OCCConstruction equipment operators **
## OCCDrywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers ***
## OCCElectricians ***
## OCCGlaziers **
## OCCInsulation workers *
## OCCPainters and paperhangers ***
## OCCPipelayers
## OCCPlumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ***
## OCCPlasterers and stucco masons *
## OCCRoofers ***
## OCCSheet metal workers **
## OCCStructural iron and steel workers .
## OCCSolar photovoltaic installers *
## OCCHelpers, construction trades ***
## OCCConstruction and building inspectors **
## OCCElevator and escalator installers and repairers
## OCCFence erectors .
## OCCHazardous materials removal workers .
## OCCHighway maintenance workers *
## OCCRail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
## OCCMiscellaneous construction and related workers *
## OCCDerrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas ***
## OCCEarth drillers, except oil and gas
## OCCExplosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters *
## OCCUnderground mining machine operators
## OCCOther extraction workers **
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers **
## OCCComputer, automated teller, and office machine repairers ***
## OCCRadio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers ***
## OCCAvionics technicians *
## OCCElectric motor, power tool, and related repairers *
## OCCElectrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
## OCCAudiovisual equipment installers and repairers ***
## OCCSecurity and fire alarm systems installers **
## OCCAircraft mechanics and service technicians ***
## OCCAutomotive body and related repairers **
## OCCAutomotive glass installers and repairers
## OCCAutomotive service technicians and mechanics ***
## OCCBus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ***
## OCCHeavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics ***
## OCCSmall engine mechanics
## OCCMiscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers **
## OCCControl and valve installers and repairers *
## OCCHeating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ***
## OCCHome appliance repairers ***
## OCCIndustrial and refractory machinery mechanics ***
## OCCMaintenance and repair workers, general ***
## OCCMaintenance workers, machinery
## OCCMillwrights .
## OCCElectrical power-line installers and repairers
## OCCTelecommunications line installers and repairers ***
## OCCPrecision instrument and equipment repairers ***
## OCCCoin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers **
## OCCLocksmiths and safe repairers
## OCCRiggers
## OCCHelpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers .
## OCCOther installation, maintenance, and repair workers ***
## OCCFirst-line supervisors of production and operating workers ***
## OCCElectrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers ***
## OCCEngine and other machine assemblers
## OCCStructural metal fabricators and fitters .
## OCCOther assemblers and fabricators ***
## OCCBakers ***
## OCCButchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers ***
## OCCFood and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders **
## OCCFood batchmakers ***
## OCCFood cooking machine operators and tenders *
## OCCFood processing workers, all other ***
## OCCComputer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers ***
## OCCForming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic *
## OCCCutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic **
## OCCGrinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ***
## OCCOther machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
## OCCMachinists ***
## OCCMetal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters .
## OCCMolders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ***
## OCCTool and die makers *
## OCCWelding, soldering, and brazing workers ***
## OCCOther metal workers and plastic workers ***
## OCCPrepress technicians and workers ***
## OCCPrinting press operators ***
## OCCPrint binding and finishing workers **
## OCCLaundry and dry-cleaning workers ***
## OCCPressers, textile, garment, and related materials *
## OCCSewing machine operators ***
## OCCShoe and leather workers **
## OCCTailors, dressmakers, and sewers ***
## OCCTextile machine setters, operators, and tenders **
## OCCUpholsterers **
## OCCOther textile, apparel, and furnishings workers *
## OCCCabinetmakers and bench carpenters **
## OCCFurniture finishers *
## OCCSawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
## OCCWoodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing *
## OCCOther woodworkers ***
## OCCPower plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
## OCCStationary engineers and boiler operators *
## OCCWater and wastewater treatment plant and system operators **
## OCCMiscellaneous plant and system operators *
## OCCChemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders *
## OCCCrushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
## OCCCutting workers ***
## OCCExtruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders .
## OCCFurnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders **
## OCCInspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ***
## OCCJewelers and precious stone and metal workers ***
## OCCDental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians ***
## OCCPackaging and filling machine operators and tenders ***
## OCCPainting workers ***
## OCCPhotographic process workers and processing machine operators **
## OCCAdhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
## OCCEtchers and engravers .
## OCCMolders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic **
## OCCPaper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders **
## OCCTire builders
## OCCHelpers--production workers ***
## OCCOther production workers ***
## OCCSupervisors of transportation and material moving workers ***
## OCCAircraft pilots and flight engineers ***
## OCCAir traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists **
## OCCFlight attendants ***
## OCCAmbulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians .
## OCCBus drivers, school ***
## OCCBus drivers, transit and intercity ***
## OCCDriver/sales workers and truck drivers ***
## OCCShuttle drivers and chauffeurs ***
## OCCTaxi drivers ***
## OCCMotor vehicle operators, all other ***
## OCCLocomotive engineers and operators *
## OCCRailroad conductors and yardmasters **
## OCCOther rail transportation workers
## OCCSailors and marine oilers **
## OCCShip and boat captains and operators *
## OCCParking attendants ***
## OCCTransportation service attendants ***
## OCCTransportation inspectors **
## OCCPassenger attendants ***
## OCCOther transportation workers ***
## OCCCrane and tower operators
## OCCConveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators
## OCCIndustrial truck and tractor operators ***
## OCCCleaners of vehicles and equipment ***
## OCCLaborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ***
## OCCMachine feeders and offbearers ***
## OCCPackers and packagers, hand ***
## OCCStockers and order fillers ***
## OCCPumping station operators
## OCCRefuse and recyclable material collectors ***
## OCCOther material moving workers ***
## OCCMilitary officer special and tactical operations leaders
## OCCFirst-line enlisted military supervisors
## OCCMilitary enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crew members ***
## OCCMilitary, rank not Specified ***
## OCCUnemployed, with no work experience in the last 5 years or earlier or never worked ***
## INDAnimal production and aquaculture
## INDForestry except logging
## INDLogging
## INDFishing, hunting and trapping
## INDSupport activities for agriculture and forestry
## INDOil and gas extraction ***
## INDCoal mining
## INDMetal ore mining
## INDNonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
## INDSupport activities for mining ***
## INDElectric power generation, transmission and distribution **
## INDNatural gas distribution .
## INDElectric and gas, and other combinations ***
## INDWater, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems
## INDSewage treatment facilities
## INDNot specified utilities
## INDConstruction (the cleaning of buildings and dwellings is incidental during construction and immediately after construction)
## INDAnimal food, grain and oilseed milling *
## INDSugar and confectionery products
## INDFruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing
## INDDairy product manufacturing *
## INDAnimal slaughtering and processing
## INDRetail bakeries
## INDBakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries *
## INDSeafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.
## INDNot specified food industries
## INDBeverage manufacturing
## INDTobacco manufacturing
## INDFiber, yarn, and thread mills
## INDFabric mills, except knitting mills
## INDTextile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills
## INDCarpet and rug mills
## INDTextile product mills, except carpet and rug
## INDKnitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills
## INDCut and sew, and apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
## INDFootwear manufacturing
## INDLeather and hide tanning and finishing, and other leather and allied product manufacturing
## INDPulp, paper, and paperboard mills **
## INDPaperboard container manufacturing
## INDMiscellaneous paper and pulp products
## INDPrinting and related support activities
## INDPetroleum refining ***
## INDMiscellaneous petroleum and coal products .
## INDResin, synthetic rubber, and fibers and filaments manufacturing .
## INDAgricultural chemical manufacturing
## INDPharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ***
## INDPaint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing
## INDSoap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing .
## INDIndustrial and miscellaneous chemicals *
## INDPlastics product manufacturing .
## INDTire manufacturing
## INDRubber products, except tires, manufacturing
## INDPottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing
## INDClay building material and refractories manufacturing
## INDGlass and glass product manufacturing
## INDCement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing *
## INDMiscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing
## INDIron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing .
## INDAluminum production and processing
## INDNonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing .
## INDFoundries
## INDMetal forgings and stampings **
## INDCutlery and hand tool manufacturing
## INDStructural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing
## INDMachine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
## INDCoating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities
## INDOrdnance
## INDMiscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing
## INDNot specified metal industries
## INDAgricultural implement manufacturing
## INDConstruction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing .
## INDCommercial and service industry machinery manufacturing ***
## INDMetalworking machinery manufacturing
## INDEngine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing
## INDMachinery manufacturing, n.e.c. or not specified *
## INDComputer and peripheral equipment manufacturing ***
## INDCommunications, audio, and video equipment manufacturing ***
## INDNavigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing .
## INDElectronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c. ***
## INDHousehold appliance manufacturing
## INDElectric lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c. *
## INDMotor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing ***
## INDAircraft and parts manufacturing *
## INDAerospace products and parts manufacturing **
## INDRailroad rolling stock manufacturing
## INDShip and boat building
## INDOther transportation equipment manufacturing
## INDSawmills and wood preservation
## INDVeneer, plywood, and engineered wood products
## INDPrefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes manufacturing
## INDMiscellaneous wood products
## INDFurniture and related product manufacturing
## INDMedical equipment and supplies manufacturing ***
## INDSporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing
## INDMiscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.
## INDNot specified manufacturing industries .
## INDMotor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers
## INDFurniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers
## INDLumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers *
## INDProfessional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers ***
## INDMetals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers
## INDHousehold appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers *
## INDHardware, and plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
## INDMachinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers .
## INDRecyclable material merchant wholesalers
## INDMiscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers
## INDPaper and paper products merchant wholesalers
## INDDrugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers **
## INDApparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers
## INDGrocery and related product merchant wholesalers
## INDFarm product raw material merchant wholesalers
## INDPetroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
## INDAlcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers
## INDFarm supplies merchant wholesalers
## INDMiscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
## INDWholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
## INDNot specified wholesale trade
## INDAutomobile dealers ***
## INDOther motor vehicle dealers
## INDAutomotive parts, accessories, and tire stores
## INDFurniture and home furnishings stores
## INDHousehold appliance stores
## INDElectronics Stores ***
## INDBuilding material and supplies dealers
## INDHardware stores
## INDLawn and garden equipment and supplies stores
## INDSupermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores
## INDConvenience Stores
## INDSpecialty food stores
## INDBeer, wine, and liquor stores
## INDPharmacies and drug stores
## INDHealth and personal care, except drug, stores
## INDGasoline stations
## INDClothing stores
## INDShoe stores
## INDJewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores
## INDSporting goods, and hobby and toy stores
## INDSewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
## INDMusical instrument and supplies stores
## INDBook stores and news dealers
## INDDepartment stores
## INDGeneral merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters
## INDFlorists
## INDOffice supplies and stationery stores
## INDUsed merchandise stores .
## INDGift, novelty, and souvenir shops
## INDMiscellaneous retail stores
## INDElectronic shopping and mail-order houses ***
## INDVending machine operators
## INDFuel dealers
## INDOther direct selling establishments .
## INDNot specified retail trade
## INDAir transportation *
## INDRail transportation ***
## INDWater transportation
## INDTruck transportation
## INDBus service and urban transit *
## INDTaxi and limousine service **
## INDPipeline transportation ***
## INDScenic and sightseeing transportation
## INDServices incidental to transportation
## INDPostal Service .
## INDCouriers and messengers
## INDWarehousing and storage
## INDNewspaper publishers
## INDPeriodical, book, and directory publishers **
## INDSoftware publishers ***
## INDMotion pictures and video industries .
## INDSound recording industries
## INDBroadcasting (except internet) ***
## INDInternet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals ***
## INDWired telecommunications carriers .
## INDTelecommunications, except wired telecommunications carriers ***
## INDData processing, hosting, and related services ***
## INDLibraries and archives
## INDOther information services, except libraries and archives, and internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals ***
## INDBanking and related activities ***
## INDSavings institutions, including credit unions
## INDNondepository credit and related activities ***
## INDSecurities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments ***
## INDInsurance carriers **
## INDAgencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities **
## INDLessors of real estate, and offices of real estate agents and brokers
## INDReal estate property managers, offices of real estate appraisers, and other activities related to real estate
## INDAutomotive equipment rental and leasing
## INDOther consumer goods rental
## INDCommercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing ***
## INDLegal services
## INDAccounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
## INDArchitectural, engineering, and related services
## INDSpecialized design services
## INDComputer systems design and related services ***
## INDManagement, scientific, and technical consulting services
## INDScientific research and development services **
## INDAdvertising, public relations, and related services *
## INDVeterinary services
## INDOther professional, scientific, and technical services
## INDManagement of companies and enterprises *
## INDEmployment services
## INDBusiness support services
## INDTravel arrangements and reservation services
## INDInvestigation and security services
## INDServices to buildings and dwellings (except cleaning during construction and immediately after construction)
## INDLandscaping services
## INDOther administrative and other support services
## INDWaste management and remediation services *
## INDElementary and secondary schools
## INDColleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges
## INDBusiness, technical, and trade schools and training *
## INDOther schools and instruction, and educational support services *
## INDOffices of physicians
## INDOffices of dentists
## INDOffices of chiropractors
## INDOffices of optometrists
## INDOffices of other health practitioners *
## INDOutpatient care centers
## INDHome health care services
## INDOther health care services
## INDGeneral medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals .
## INDPsychiatric and substance abuse hospitals
## INDNursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)
## INDResidential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities
## INDIndividual and family services
## INDCommunity food and housing, and emergency services
## INDVocational rehabilitation services
## INDChild day care services
## INDPerforming arts companies *
## INDSpectator sports
## INDPromoters of performing arts, sports, and similar events, agents and managers for artists, athletes, entertainers, and other public figures
## INDIndependent artists, writers, and performers *
## INDMuseums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions
## INDBowling centers
## INDOther amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
## INDTraveler accommodation
## INDRecreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses, dormitories, and workers' camps .
## INDRestaurants and other food services
## INDDrinking places, alcoholic beverages
## INDAutomotive repair and maintenance
## INDCar washes
## INDElectronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
## INDCommercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
## INDPersonal and household goods repair and maintenance
## INDBarber shops
## INDBeauty salons
## INDNail salons and other personal care services
## INDDrycleaning and laundry services *
## INDFuneral homes, and cemeteries and crematories
## INDOther personal services
## INDReligious organizations .
## INDCivic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services
## INDLabor unions
## INDBusiness, professional, political, and similar organizations
## INDPrivate households
## INDExecutive offices and legislative bodies .
## INDPublic finance activities
## INDOther general government and support
## INDJustice, public order, and safety activities *
## INDAdministration of human resource programs
## INDAdministration of environmental quality and housing programs
## INDAdministration of economic programs and space research
## INDNational security and international affairs **
## INDU. S. Army
## INDU. S. Air Force
## INDU. S. Navy
## INDU. S. Marines
## INDU. S. Coast Guard
## INDArmed Forces, Branch not specified *
## INDMilitary Reserves or National Guard
## INDUnemployed, last worked 5 years ago or earlier or never worked
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 62620 on 113307 degrees of freedom
## (65352 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.3131, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3085
## F-statistic: 69.22 on 746 and 113307 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Create the plot
ggplot(data = acs2021, aes(x = AGE, y = INCWAGE, color = EDUCD)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "blue", se = TRUE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
labs(title = "Impact of Age and Education on Wages",
x = "Age", y = "Income (Wages in Dollars)") +
theme_minimal()## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 549819 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).## Warning: Removed 549819 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).
#Complicated Regressions
# Step 1: Ensure INCWAGE is numeric and remove missing values
skilled_imgra$INCWAGE <- as.numeric(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE)
skilled_imgra <- skilled_imgra %>% filter(!is.na(INCWAGE))
# Step 2: Fit the OLS model for skilled immigrants
ols_skilled <- lm(INCWAGE ~ AGE + CITIZEN + EDUCD + OCC, data = skilled_imgra)
# Step 3: Generate predictions
predicted_skilled <- predict(ols_skilled, skilled_imgra)
# Step 4: Create binary predictions based on the mean threshold
predicted_binary <- as.factor(ifelse(predicted_skilled > mean(predicted_skilled, na.rm = TRUE), 1, 0))
# Step 5: Generate the confusion matrix
actual_binary <- as.factor(ifelse(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE > mean(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE, na.rm = TRUE), 1, 0))
conf_matrix <- table(Predicted = predicted_binary, Actual = actual_binary)
# Step 6: Check the structure of the confusion matrix
print("Confusion Matrix:")## [1] "Confusion Matrix:"print(conf_matrix)## Actual
## Predicted 0 1
## 0 56220 12715
## 1 14348 30771# Step 7: Convert the confusion matrix into a dataframe for visualization
conf_df <- as.data.frame(as.table(conf_matrix))
# Rename columns for clarity
if (ncol(conf_df) == 3) {
colnames(conf_df) <- c("Prediction", "Actual", "Count")
} else {
stop("Unexpected structure of the confusion matrix. Please inspect `conf_matrix`.")
}
# Step 8: Plot the confusion matrix
ggplot(data = conf_df, aes(x = Prediction, y = Actual, fill = Count)) +
geom_tile(color = "white") + # Create the heatmap tiles
geom_text(aes(label = Count), color = "black", size = 4) + # Add count labels
scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightblue", high = "darkblue") + # Gradient fill for the tiles
labs(
title = "Prediction Accuracy for Skilled Immigrants",
x = "Predicted Income Level",
y = "Actual Income Level"
) +
theme_minimal() # Use a clean and minimalistic theme
# Step 1: Define the dependent variable and independent variables
y <- as.numeric(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE) # Target variable: income
x <- skilled_imgra[, c("AGE", "EDUC", "CITIZEN", "RACE", "BPL")] # Predictors
# Step 2: Handle missing values
if (any(is.na(x)) | any(is.na(y))) {
print("Missing values detected. Removing rows with NA values.")
skilled_imgra <- na.omit(skilled_imgra) # Remove rows with missing data
x <- skilled_imgra[, c("AGE", "EDUC", "CITIZEN", "RACE", "BPL")]
y <- as.numeric(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE)
}
# Step 3: Convert categorical variables to factors
x$CITIZEN <- as.factor(x$CITIZEN)
x$RACE <- as.factor(x$RACE)
x$BPL <- as.factor(x$BPL)
# Step 4: Fit quantile regression models for different quantiles
qreg_25 <- rq(INCWAGE ~ AGE + EDUC + CITIZEN + RACE + BPL, tau = 0.25, data = skilled_imgra)## Warning in rq.fit.br(x, y, tau = tau, ...): Solution may be nonuniqueqreg_50 <- rq(INCWAGE ~ AGE + EDUC + CITIZEN + RACE + BPL, tau = 0.50, data = skilled_imgra)## Warning in rq.fit.br(x, y, tau = tau, ...): Solution may be nonuniqueqreg_75 <- rq(INCWAGE ~ AGE + EDUC + CITIZEN + RACE + BPL, tau = 0.75, data = skilled_imgra)## Warning in rq.fit.br(x, y, tau = tau, ...): Solution may be nonunique# Step 5: Extract coefficients from quantile regression results
extract_coefficients <- function(qreg_model, quantile_label) {
coef_matrix <- as.data.frame(summary(qreg_model)$coefficients)
coef_matrix$Quantile <- quantile_label
coef_matrix$Predictor <- rownames(coef_matrix)
rownames(coef_matrix) <- NULL
colnames(coef_matrix) <- c("Coefficient", "StdError", "tValue", "Quantile", "Predictor")
return(coef_matrix)
}
coefficients_25 <- extract_coefficients(qreg_25, "25th Percentile")## Warning in summary.rq(qreg_model): 18116 non-positive fiscoefficients_50 <- extract_coefficients(qreg_50, "Median (50th Percentile)")## Warning in summary.rq(qreg_model): 295 non-positive fiscoefficients_75 <- extract_coefficients(qreg_75, "75th Percentile")## Warning in summary.rq(qreg_model): 48 non-positive fis# Step 6: Combine results into a single dataframe
coefficients_df <- bind_rows(coefficients_25, coefficients_50, coefficients_75) %>%
filter(Predictor != "(Intercept)") # Exclude intercept for plotting## New names:
## New names:
## New names:
## • `` -> `...6`# Step 7: Plot the quantile regression coefficients
ggplot(coefficients_df, aes(x = Predictor, y = Coefficient, color = Quantile, group = Quantile)) +
geom_point(size = 4) +
geom_line() +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
labs(
title = "Quantile Regression: Effects of Predictors on Income",
x = "Predictors",
y = "Coefficient Value",
color = "Quantile"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, angle = 45, hjust = 1),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
legend.title = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
legend.text = element_text(size = 10)
)
# Step 1: Ensure the dependent variable is numeric
y <- as.numeric(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE) # Target variable: income
# Step 2: Convert categorical variables to factors (if not already)
skilled_imgra$RACE <- as.factor(skilled_imgra$RACE)
skilled_imgra$BPL <- as.factor(skilled_imgra$BPL)
skilled_imgra$CITIZEN <- as.factor(skilled_imgra$CITIZEN)
# Step 3: Select independent variables
x <- skilled_imgra[, c('AGE', 'EDUC', 'RACE', 'BPL', 'CITIZEN')]
# Step 4: Handle missing data
if (any(is.na(x)) | any(is.na(y))) {
print("Missing values detected. Removing rows with NA values.")
skilled_imgra <- na.omit(skilled_imgra) # Remove rows with missing data
x <- skilled_imgra[, c('AGE', 'EDUC', 'RACE', 'BPL', 'CITIZEN')] # Update x
y <- as.numeric(skilled_imgra$INCWAGE) # Update y
}
# Step 5: Convert categorical variables to dummy variables
x_matrix <- model.matrix(~ ., data = x)[, -1] # Create dummy variables and remove the intercept
# Step 6: Fit the Lasso model using cross-validation
set.seed(42) # Ensure reproducibility
cv_model <- cv.glmnet(x_matrix, y, alpha = 1, standardize = TRUE) # Lasso regression with cross-validation
# Step 7: Extract data for cross-validation plot
cv_data <- data.frame(
log_lambda = log(cv_model$lambda),
mean_mse = cv_model$cvm,
lower = cv_model$cvlo,
upper = cv_model$cvup
)
# Step 8: Create custom cross-validation plot
ggplot(cv_data, aes(x = log_lambda, y = mean_mse)) +
geom_line(color = "blue", size = 1) + # Mean squared error line
geom_point(size = 2, color = "red") + # Points for each lambda value
geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), width = 0.2, color = "gray") + # Error bars
labs(
title = "Cross-Validation Results for Lasso Regression",
x = "Log(Lambda)",
y = "Mean Squared Error"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Centered and bold title
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 12, face = "bold")
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) # Format y-axis values as numbers## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
# Fit the OLS model
ols_model <- lm(INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
# Display the OLS model output
summary(ols_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -24086 -19558 -12436 10839 661839
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13301.6 479.4 27.744 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN 602.9 147.9 4.075 4.60e-05 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -777.3 680.9 -1.142 0.253604
## EDUCDGrade 8 -414.1 483.8 -0.856 0.391986
## EDUCDGrade 9 1438.9 434.4 3.313 0.000925 ***
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2071.8 468.1 -4.426 9.62e-06 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -2556.9 459.7 -5.562 2.68e-08 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 8975.4 410.4 21.872 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5050.7 304.0 16.615 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31460 on 131289 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01013, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01007
## F-statistic: 167.9 on 8 and 131289 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16# Step 8: Get the best lambda from cross-validation
best_lambda <- cv_model$lambda.min
cat("Best lambda from cross-validation:", best_lambda, "\n")## Best lambda from cross-validation: 34.67476# Step 9: Refit the Lasso model with the best lambda
lasso_model <- glmnet(x_matrix, y, alpha = 1, lambda = best_lambda)
# Extract coefficients
lasso_coefs <- coef(lasso_model)
print("Lasso Regression Coefficients:")## [1] "Lasso Regression Coefficients:"print(lasso_coefs)## 185 x 1 sparse Matrix of class "dgCMatrix"
## s0
## (Intercept) 81234.70400
## AGE -781.20072
## EDUCNursery school to grade 4 .
## EDUCGrade 5, 6, 7, or 8 .
## EDUCGrade 9 .
## EDUCGrade 10 .
## EDUCGrade 11 .
## EDUCGrade 12 -23507.97224
## EDUC1 year of college .
## EDUC2 years of college -18631.73236
## EDUC3 years of college .
## EDUC4 years of college .
## EDUC5+ years of college 31393.83688
## RACE2 -8102.52406
## RACE3 -9521.81064
## RACE4 5389.38050
## RACE5 -2177.43600
## RACE6 -926.40340
## RACE7 -7825.84105
## RACE8 -3362.18068
## RACE9 -1481.41296
## BPLAlaska .
## BPLArizona .
## BPLArkansas .
## BPLCalifornia .
## BPLColorado .
## BPLConnecticut .
## BPLDelaware .
## BPLDistrict of Columbia .
## BPLFlorida .
## BPLGeorgia .
## BPLHawaii .
## BPLIdaho .
## BPLIllinois .
## BPLIndiana .
## BPLIowa .
## BPLKansas .
## BPLKentucky .
## BPLLouisiana .
## BPLMaine .
## BPLMaryland .
## BPLMassachusetts .
## BPLMichigan .
## BPLMinnesota .
## BPLMississippi .
## BPLMissouri .
## BPLMontana .
## BPLNebraska .
## BPLNevada .
## BPLNew Hampshire .
## BPLNew Jersey .
## BPLNew Mexico .
## BPLNew York .
## BPLNorth Carolina .
## BPLNorth Dakota .
## BPLOhio .
## BPLOklahoma .
## BPLOregon .
## BPLPennsylvania .
## BPLRhode Island .
## BPLSouth Carolina .
## BPLSouth Dakota .
## BPLTennessee .
## BPLTexas .
## BPLUtah .
## BPLVermont .
## BPLVirginia .
## BPLWashington .
## BPLWest Virginia .
## BPLWisconsin .
## BPLWyoming .
## BPLNative American .
## BPLUnited States, ns .
## BPLAmerican Samoa -6615.45330
## BPLGuam .
## BPLPuerto Rico .
## BPLU.S. Virgin Islands .
## BPLOther US Possessions .
## BPLCanada 16849.61541
## BPLSt. Pierre and Miquelon .
## BPLAtlantic Islands -3788.16108
## BPLNorth America, ns .
## BPLMexico -1493.66149
## BPLCentral America -2375.84029
## BPLCuba -6716.18731
## BPLWest Indies 1790.56560
## BPLAmericas, n.s. 4694.24156
## BPLSOUTH AMERICA -257.69582
## BPLDenmark 22138.06971
## BPLFinland 11525.17545
## BPLIceland 14144.62798
## BPLLapland, n.s. .
## BPLNorway 37679.96380
## BPLSweden 22900.85543
## BPLEngland 17103.86145
## BPLScotland 20312.26289
## BPLWales .
## BPLUnited Kingdom, ns 40380.96015
## BPLIreland 32552.69438
## BPLNorthern Europe, ns .
## BPLBelgium 15123.76352
## BPLFrance 21280.03845
## BPLLiechtenstein .
## BPLLuxembourg .
## BPLMonaco .
## BPLNetherlands 15103.19903
## BPLSwitzerland 17599.76133
## BPLWestern Europe, ns .
## BPLAlbania -12597.50894
## BPLAndorra .
## BPLGibraltar .
## BPLGreece 10938.73968
## BPLItaly 9187.26879
## BPLMalta .
## BPLPortugal 11993.79182
## BPLSan Marino .
## BPLSpain 13377.38848
## BPLVatican City .
## BPLSouthern Europe, ns .
## BPLAustria 2368.87119
## BPLBulgaria .
## BPLCzechoslovakia -2159.97519
## BPLGermany 9082.69705
## BPLHungary -4522.33225
## BPLPoland -3097.48798
## BPLRomania 1848.55559
## BPLYugoslavia 2924.90992
## BPLCentral Europe, ns .
## BPLEastern Europe, ns .
## BPLEstonia .
## BPLLatvia -8123.38280
## BPLLithuania -8894.73631
## BPLBaltic States, ns .
## BPLOther USSR/Russia -4168.14557
## BPLEurope, ns 567.41332
## BPLChina .
## BPLJapan 6536.45784
## BPLKorea .
## BPLEast Asia, ns .
## BPLBrunei .
## BPLCambodia (Kampuchea) -2661.38839
## BPLIndonesia -3720.37986
## BPLLaos 4675.17612
## BPLMalaysia 9150.98240
## BPLPhilippines -1489.72356
## BPLSingapore 13662.35292
## BPLThailand -9024.39030
## BPLVietnam -371.34228
## BPLSoutheast Asia, ns .
## BPLAfghanistan -8672.99555
## BPLIndia 15964.83555
## BPLIran 3936.85815
## BPLMaldives .
## BPLNepal -13951.14411
## BPLBahrain .
## BPLCyprus .
## BPLIraq -17186.28410
## BPLIraq/Saudi Arabia .
## BPLIsrael/Palestine 21055.67710
## BPLJordan -3437.67209
## BPLKuwait 3603.41011
## BPLLebanon 2263.95580
## BPLOman .
## BPLQatar .
## BPLSaudi Arabia -12797.07080
## BPLSyria -8741.44570
## BPLTurkey 2798.23355
## BPLUnited Arab Emirates 9953.68427
## BPLYemen Arab Republic (North) -17337.57744
## BPLYemen, PDR (South) .
## BPLPersian Gulf States, n.s. .
## BPLMiddle East, ns .
## BPLSouthwest Asia, nec/ns .
## BPLAsia Minor, ns .
## BPLSouth Asia, nec .
## BPLAsia, nec/ns -79.34672
## BPLAFRICA -110.76490
## BPLAustralia and New Zealand 36951.95143
## BPLPacific Islands -3289.08979
## BPLAntarctica, ns/nec .
## BPLAbroad (unknown) or at sea .
## BPLOther n.e.c. 10875.21909
## BPLMissing/blank .
## CITIZEN2 10832.75032
## CITIZEN3 -2687.36679# Step 10: Visualize non-zero coefficients
lasso_df <- as.data.frame(as.matrix(lasso_coefs))
lasso_df$Variable <- rownames(lasso_df)
colnames(lasso_df) <- c("Coefficient", "Variable")
# Filter non-zero coefficients for visualization
lasso_df <- lasso_df %>%
filter(Coefficient != 0)
# Plot non-zero coefficients
ggplot(lasso_df, aes(x = Coefficient, y = reorder(Variable, Coefficient), fill = Coefficient > 0)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = "black", width = 0.6) + # Make bars narrower
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("TRUE" = "#2CA25F", "FALSE" = "#DE2D26"),
name = "Sign of Coefficient", # Legend for TRUE and FALSE
labels = c("Positive", "Negative") # Define legend labels
) +
scale_x_continuous(labels = scales::comma, expand = c(0, 0)) + # Format x-axis as numbers with commas
labs(
title = "Lasso Regression: Non-Zero Coefficients",
x = "Coefficient Value",
y = "Predictors"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.title = element_text(size = 10, face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, margin = margin(b = 4)), # Shrink title further
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 6), # Make x-axis text smaller
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 5, margin = margin(r = 2)), # Y-axis text smaller and closer
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 8, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 8, face = "bold"),
legend.position = "right", # Keep legend on the right
legend.title = element_text(size = 6, face = "bold"), # Smaller legend title
legend.text = element_text(size = 5), # Smaller legend text
plot.margin = margin(t = 3, r = 3, b = 3, l = 3) # Minimized plot margins
) +
coord_cartesian(clip = "off") # Ensure no clipping occurs
# Fit the OLS model
ols_model <- lm(INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
# Display the OLS model output
summary(ols_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = INCWAGE ~ CITIZEN + EDUCD, data = unskilled_imgra)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -24086 -19558 -12436 10839 661839
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 13301.6 479.4 27.744 < 2e-16 ***
## CITIZEN 602.9 147.9 4.075 4.60e-05 ***
## EDUCDGrade 7 -777.3 680.9 -1.142 0.253604
## EDUCDGrade 8 -414.1 483.8 -0.856 0.391986
## EDUCDGrade 9 1438.9 434.4 3.313 0.000925 ***
## EDUCDGrade 10 -2071.8 468.1 -4.426 9.62e-06 ***
## EDUCDGrade 11 -2556.9 459.7 -5.562 2.68e-08 ***
## EDUCDGED or alternative credential 8975.4 410.4 21.872 < 2e-16 ***
## EDUCDRegular high school diploma 5050.7 304.0 16.615 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 31460 on 131289 degrees of freedom
## (8203 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.01013, Adjusted R-squared: 0.01007
## F-statistic: 167.9 on 8 and 131289 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16